Lamentations 1:2 · JPS 1917

She weepeth sore in the night, and her tears are on her cheeks; she hath none to comfort her among all her lovers; all her friends have dealt treacherously with her, they are become her enemies.

Who acts: city, tears, friends · What happens: weep, be, have, comfort, deal, become · To what, where: cheeks, none, city, enemies

This is Lamentations 1:2 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (city, tears, friends), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	She	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 weepeth	nsubj
2	weepeth	weep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	sore	sore	ADV	Degree=Pos	2 weepeth	advmod
4	in	in	ADP	_	6 night	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 night	det
6	night	night	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 weepeth	obl
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 cheeks	punct
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 cheeks	cc
9	her	her	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	10 tears	nmod:poss
10	tears	tear	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 cheeks	nsubj
11	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 cheeks	cop
12	on	on	ADP	_	14 cheeks	case
13	her	her	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	14 cheeks	nmod:poss
14	cheeks	cheek	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 weepeth	conj
15	;	;	PUNCT	_	17 hath	punct
16	she	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	17 hath	nsubj
17	hath	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 weepeth	parataxis
18	none	none	PRON	PronType=Neg	17 hath	obj
19	to	to	PART	_	20 comfort	mark
20	comfort	comfort	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	18 none	acl
21	her	she	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	20 comfort	obj
22	among	among	ADP	_	25 lovers	case
23	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	25 lovers	det:predet
24	her	her	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	25 lovers	nmod:poss
25	lovers	lover	NOUN	Number=Plur	17 hath	obl
26	;	;	PUNCT	_	31 dealt	punct
27	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	29 friends	det:predet
28	her	her	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	29 friends	nmod:poss
29	friends	friend	NOUN	Number=Plur	31 dealt	nsubj
30	have	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	31 dealt	aux
31	dealt	deal	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	2 weepeth	parataxis
32	treacherously	treacherously	ADV	_	31 dealt	advmod
33	with	with	ADP	_	34 her	case
34	her	she	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	31 dealt	obl
35	,	,	PUNCT	_	38 become	punct
36	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	38 become	nsubj
37	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	38 become	aux
38	become	become	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	2 weepeth	parataxis
39	her	her	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	40 enemies	nmod:poss
40	enemies	enemy	NOUN	Number=Plur	38 become	xcomp
41	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 weepeth	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	weep	present	city			night	sore property	vn breathe-40.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	is	present	city's tears		city's cheeks			tree rules
3	have	present	city	none			among city's lovers	vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent none=Patient
4	comfort	to-infinitive	city not said here	city				vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus she=Experiencer
5	deal	present · perfect	city's friends				with city; treacherously property	vn cope-83 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent with she=Theme
6	become	present · passive	friends = friend	city's enemies				vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The Hebrew of this verse

בָּכ֨וֹ תִבְכֶּ֜ה בַּלַּ֗יְלָה וְדִמְעָתָהּ֙ עַ֣ל לֶֽחֱיָ֔הּ אֵֽין־לָ֥הּ מְנַחֵ֖ם מִכָּל־אֹהֲבֶ֑יהָ כָּל־רֵעֶ֙יהָ֙ בָּ֣גְדוּ בָ֔הּ הָ֥יוּ לָ֖הּ לְאֹיְבִֽים׃ס

Lamentations 1:2: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →

Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:LAM:3 of Mova's parse database.

The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/LAM.3/