Lamentations 1:3 · JPS 1917
Judah is gone into exile because of affliction, and because of great servitude; she dwelleth among the nations, she findeth no rest; all her pursuers overtook her within the straits.
Who acts: Judah, pursuers · What happens: go, dwell, find, overtake · To what, where: Judah, exile, nations, rest, city
This is Lamentations 1:3 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Judah, pursuers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Judah | Judah | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 gone | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 gone | aux:pass |
| 3 | gone | go | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 4 | into | into | ADP | _ | 5 exile | case |
| 5 | exile | exile | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 gone | obl |
| 6 | because | because | ADP | ExtPos=ADP | 8 affliction | case |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 6 because | fixed |
| 8 | affliction | affliction | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 gone | obl |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 servitude | punct |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 servitude | cc |
| 11 | because | because | ADP | ExtPos=ADP | 14 servitude | case |
| 12 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 because | fixed |
| 13 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 servitude | amod |
| 14 | servitude | servitude | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 gone | obl |
| 15 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 17 dwelleth | punct |
| 16 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 dwelleth | nsubj |
| 17 | dwelleth | dwell | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 gone | conj |
| 18 | among | among | ADP | _ | 20 nations | case |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 nations | det |
| 20 | nations | nation | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 dwelleth | obl |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 findeth | punct |
| 22 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 23 findeth | nsubj |
| 23 | findeth | find | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 gone | conj |
| 24 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 25 rest | det |
| 25 | rest | rest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 findeth | obj |
| 26 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 30 overtook | punct |
| 27 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 29 pursuers | det:predet |
| 28 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 29 pursuers | nmod:poss |
| 29 | pursuers | pursuer | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 overtook | nsubj |
| 30 | overtook | overtake | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 gone | conj |
| 31 | her | she | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 30 overtook | obj |
| 32 | within | within | ADP | _ | 34 straits | case |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 straits | det |
| 34 | straits | strait | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 overtook | obl |
| 35 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 gone | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- character
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed voice=character
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | go | present · passive | Judah | exile | because affliction; because great servitude | vn meander-47.7 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme | |||
| 2 | dwell | present | Judah | the nations | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme among nation=Location | ||||
| 3 | find | present | Judah | no rest | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rest=Topic | ||||
| 4 | overtake | past | city's pursuers | city | within the straits | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
גָּֽלְתָ֨ה יְהוּדָ֤ה מֵעֹ֙נִי֙ וּמֵרֹ֣ב עֲבֹדָ֔ה הִ֚יא יָשְׁבָ֣ה בַגּוֹיִ֔ם לֹ֥א מָצְאָ֖ה מָנ֑וֹחַ כָּל־רֹדְפֶ֥יהָ הִשִּׂיג֖וּהָ בֵּ֥ין הַמְּצָרִֽים׃ס
Lamentations 1:3: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:LAM:4 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/LAM.4/