Lamentations 1:2 אֵיכָה

Who acts: city, tears, friends · What happens: weep, be, have, comfort, deal, become · To what, where: cheeks, none, city, enemies

This is Lamentations 1:2 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — city, tears, friends — and what happens in the verse to cheeks, none, city, enemies, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 5 chapters of Lamentations on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

בָּכ֨וֹ תִבְכֶּ֜ה בַּלַּ֗יְלָה וְדִמְעָתָהּ֙ עַ֣ל לֶֽחֱיָ֔הּ אֵֽין־לָ֥הּ מְנַחֵ֖ם מִכָּל־אֹהֲבֶ֑יהָ כָּל־רֵעֶ֙יהָ֙ בָּ֣גְדוּ בָ֔הּ הָ֥יוּ לָ֖הּ לְאֹיְבִֽים׃ס

She weepeth sore in the night, and her tears are on her cheeks; she hath none to comfort her among all her lovers; all her friends have dealt treacherously with her, they are become her enemies.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

Pragmatics

form

statement

act

assert

voice

character

speech

inside a quote begun earlier

negation

yes

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

The Targum

כַּד שָׁלַח משֶׁה נְבִיָּא אִזְגַדִּין לְאַלָּלָא יָת אַרְעָא וְתָבוּ אִזְגַדַּיָּא וְאַפִּיקוּ שׁוּם בִּישׁ עַל אַרְעָא דְיִשְׂרָאֵל וְהַהִיא לֵילְיָא תְּשַׁע יוֹמִין בְּאָב הֲוָה וְכַד שְׁמָעוּ עַמָּא בֵּית יִשְׂרָאֵל יַת בְּשׂוֹרָתָא בִּישָׁא הָדָא דְאִתְבַּשְׂרוּ עַל אַרְעָא דְיִשְׂרָאֵל נְטָלוּ עַמָּא יָת קָלֵיהוֹן וּבְכוּ בְּלֵילְיָא הַהוּא מִן יַד תְּקֵיף רוּגְזָא דַייָ בְהוֹן וּגְזַר לְמֶהֱוֵי בָּכָן בְּלֵילְיָא הָדָא לְדָרֵיהוֹן עַל חוּרְבַּן בֵּית מוּקְדְשָׁא וּכְדוֹ אִתְאַמַּר בִּנְבוּאָה לְיִרְמְיָהוּ כַּהֲנָא רַבָּא לְמֶהֱוֵי חָרֵיבָא יְרוּשְׁלֵם עַל יְדוֹי דִנְבוּכַדְנֶצַּר רַשִּׁיעָא אִין לָא תַיְבִין בִּתְיוּבְתָּא. מִן יַד עָאל וְאוֹכַח יָת עַמָּא בֵּית יִשְׂרָאֵל וְסָרִיבוּ לְקַבָּלָא בְמֵימְרֵיהּ בְּכֵן עָאל נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּר רַשִּׁיעָא וְצָרָא יָת יְרוּשְׁלֵם וּבֵית מַקְדְשָׁא אוֹקִיד בְּנוּרָא בִתְשַׁע יוֹמִין בְּיַרחָא דְאָב וּבֵיהּ בְּכִיהָא כְּנִשְׁתָּא דְיִשְׂרָאֵל בְּכוּתָא וְדִמְעָהָא זַלֵּיג עַל לֵיסְתָהָא וְלֵית דִּי יְמַלֵּיל תַּנְחוּמִין עַל לִבָּהָא מִן כָּל טַעֲוָתָא דִּי רְחִמְתָּא לְמֵיזַל בַּתְרֵיהוֹן וּבְגִין כֵּן כָּל חַבְרָהָא אַרְשִׁיעוּ בָהּ אִתְהַפִּיכוּ לְמֶהֱוֵי לָהּ לְבַעֲלֵי דְבָבִין:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

1. She weepeth sore in the night, and her tears are on her cheeks; she hath none to comfort her among all her lovers; all her friends have dealt treacherously with her, they are become her enemies.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.1.2/