Lamentations 2:21 · JPS 1917
The youth and the old man lie on the ground in the streets; my virgins and my young men are fallen by the sword; Thou hast slain them in the day of Thine anger; Thou hast slaughtered unsparingly.
Who acts: youth, sword, Thou, Thine · What happens: lie, fall, slay, slaughter, anger · To what, where: ground, virgins
This is Lamentations 2:21 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (youth, sword, Thou, Thine), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 youth | det |
| 2 | youth | youth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 lie | nsubj |
| 3 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 6 man | cc |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 man | det |
| 5 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 man | amod |
| 6 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 youth | conj |
| 7 | lie | lie | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | on | on | ADP | _ | 10 ground | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 ground | det |
| 10 | ground | ground | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 lie | obl |
| 11 | in | in | ADP | _ | 13 streets | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 streets | det |
| 13 | streets | street | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 lie | obl |
| 14 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 22 fallen | punct |
| 15 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 16 virgins | nmod:poss |
| 16 | virgins | virgin | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 fallen | nsubj:pass |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 men | cc |
| 18 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 20 men | nmod:poss |
| 19 | young | young | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 men | amod |
| 20 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 virgins | conj |
| 21 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 22 fallen | aux:pass |
| 22 | fallen | fall | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 7 lie | conj |
| 23 | by | by | ADP | _ | 25 sword | case |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 sword | det |
| 25 | sword | sword | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 fallen | obl |
| 26 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 29 slain | punct |
| 27 | Thou | thou | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 29 slain | nsubj |
| 28 | hast | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 29 slain | aux |
| 29 | slain | slay | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 7 lie | conj |
| 30 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 29 slain | obj |
| 31 | in | in | ADP | _ | 33 day | case |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 day | det |
| 33 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 slain | obl |
| 34 | of | of | ADP | _ | 36 anger | case |
| 35 | Thine | thy | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 36 anger | nmod:poss |
| 36 | anger | anger | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 day | nmod |
| 37 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 40 slaughtered | punct |
| 38 | Thou | thou | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 40 slaughtered | nsubj |
| 39 | hast | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 40 slaughtered | aux |
| 40 | slaughtered | slaughter | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 7 lie | conj |
| 41 | unsparingly | unsparingly | ADV | _ | 40 slaughtered | advmod |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 lie | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- narrate
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed act=narrate
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | lie | present | the youth and the old man | the ground | in the streets | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on ground=Location | |||
| 2 | fall | present · passive | the sword | my virgins and my young men | vn become-109.1-1 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Patient subject=Result | ||||
| 3 | slay | present · perfect | Thou | virgins = virgin | day | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient | |||
| 4 | slaughter | present · perfect | Thou | unsparingly property | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 5 | anger | Thine | nom anger «feeling intransitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
שָׁכְב֨וּ לָאָ֤רֶץ חוּצוֹת֙ נַ֣עַר וְזָקֵ֔ן בְּתוּלֹתַ֥י וּבַחוּרַ֖י נָפְל֣וּ בֶחָ֑רֶב הָרַ֙גְתָּ֙ בְּי֣וֹם אַפֶּ֔ךָ טָבַ֖חְתָּ לֹ֥א חָמָֽלְתָּ׃ס
Lamentations 2:21: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:LAM:52 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/LAM.52/