Nehemiah 9:29 · JPS 1917
and didst forewarn them, that Thou mightest bring them back unto Thy law; yet they dealt proudly, and hearkened not unto Thy commandments, but sinned against Thine ordinances, which if a man do, he shall live by them, and presented a stubborn shoulder, and hardened their neck, and would not hear.
Who acts: Thou, commandments, man, Thy, Thine · What happens: forewarn, bring back, deal, not hearken, sin, live · To what, where: commandments, stubborn shoulder, neck · Speech: someone speaks here
This is Nehemiah 9:29 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Thou, commandments, man, Thy), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 3 forewarn | cc |
| 2 | didst | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Style=Arch Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 forewarn | aux |
| 3 | forewarn | forewarn | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 4 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 forewarn | obj |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 bring | punct |
| 6 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 9 bring | mark |
| 7 | Thou | thou | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 9 bring | nsubj |
| 8 | mightest | might | AUX | Style=Arch VerbForm=Fin | 9 bring | aux |
| 9 | bring | bring | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 forewarn | ccomp |
| 10 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 bring | obj |
| 11 | back | back | ADV | _ | 9 bring | advmod |
| 12 | unto | unto | ADP | _ | 14 law | case |
| 13 | Thy | thy | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 14 law | nmod:poss |
| 14 | law | law | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 bring | obl |
| 15 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 18 dealt | punct |
| 16 | yet | yet | CCONJ | _ | 18 dealt | cc |
| 17 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 dealt | nsubj |
| 18 | dealt | deal | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 forewarn | conj |
| 19 | proudly | proudly | ADV | _ | 18 dealt | advmod |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 hearkened | punct |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 hearkened | cc |
| 22 | hearkened | hearken | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 dealt | conj |
| 23 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 22 hearkened | advmod |
| 24 | unto | unto | ADP | _ | 26 commandments | case |
| 25 | Thy | thy | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 26 commandments | nmod:poss |
| 26 | commandments | commandment | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 hearkened | obl |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 sinned | punct |
| 28 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 29 sinned | cc |
| 29 | sinned | sin | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 dealt | conj |
| 30 | against | against | ADP | _ | 32 ordinances | case |
| 31 | Thine | thy | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 32 ordinances | nmod:poss |
| 32 | ordinances | ordinance | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 sinned | obl |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 42 live | punct |
| 34 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 38 do | obj |
| 35 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 38 do | mark |
| 36 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 37 man | det |
| 37 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 do | nsubj |
| 38 | do | do | AUX | Mood=Sub Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 42 live | advcl |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 do | punct |
| 40 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 42 live | nsubj |
| 41 | shall | shall | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 42 live | aux |
| 42 | live | live | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 32 ordinances | acl:relcl |
| 43 | by | by | ADP | _ | 44 them | case |
| 44 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 42 live | obl |
| 45 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 47 presented | punct |
| 46 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 47 presented | cc |
| 47 | presented | present | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 dealt | conj |
| 48 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 50 shoulder | det |
| 49 | stubborn | stubborn | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 50 shoulder | amod |
| 50 | shoulder | shoulder | NOUN | Number=Sing | 47 presented | obj |
| 51 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 53 hardened | punct |
| 52 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 53 hardened | cc |
| 53 | hardened | harden | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 dealt | conj |
| 54 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 55 neck | nmod:poss |
| 55 | neck | neck | NOUN | Number=Sing | 53 hardened | obj |
| 56 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 60 hear | punct |
| 57 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 60 hear | cc |
| 58 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 60 hear | aux |
| 59 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 60 hear | advmod |
| 60 | hear | hear | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 18 dealt | conj |
| 61 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 forewarn | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- narrate
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- neg
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | forewarn | past · do-support | commandments = commandment | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | bring back | might | Thou | commandments = commandment | unto Thy law | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent they=Theme | |||
| 3 | deal | past | commandments = commandment | proudly property | vn cope-83 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | not hearken | past | commandments = commandment not said here | unto Thy commandments | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | sin | past | commandments = commandment not said here | against Thine ordinances | vn rebel-71.2-1-1 «NP V PP.maleficiary»: agent=Agent against ordinance=Maleficiary | ||||
| 6 | live | shall | man | by commandments = commandment | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme by they=Location | ||||
| 7 | present | past | commandments = commandment not said here | a stubborn shoulder | vn fulfilling-13.4.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shoulder=Theme | ||||
| 8 | harden | past | commandments = commandment not said here | commandments's neck | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent neck=Patient | ||||
| 9 | not hear | would | commandments = commandment not said here | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 10 | command | Thy | nom commandment «communication transitive»: poss=agent | ||||||
| 11 | ordain | Thine | nom ordinance «communication transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
וַתָּ֨עַד בָּהֶ֜ם לַהֲשִׁיבָ֣ם אֶל־תּוֹרָתֶ֗ךָ וְהֵ֨מָּה הֵזִ֜ידוּ וְלֹא־שָׁמְע֤וּ לְמִצְוֺתֶ֙יךָ֙ וּבְמִשְׁפָּטֶ֣יךָ חָֽטְאוּ־בָ֔ם אֲשֶׁר־יַעֲשֶׂ֥ה אָדָ֖ם וְחָיָ֣ה בָהֶ֑ם וַיִּתְּנ֤וּ כָתֵף֙ סוֹרֶ֔רֶת וְעָרְפָּ֥ם הִקְשׁ֖וּ וְלֹ֥א שָׁמֵֽעוּ׃
Nehemiah 9:29: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:NEH:270 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/NEH.270/