Proverbs 25:13 · JPS 1917
As the cold of snow in the time of harvest, so is a faithful messenger to him that sendeth him; for he refresheth the soul of his master.
Who acts: faithful messenger, neighbour · What happens: be, send, refresh · To what, where: faithful messenger, neighbour, soul
This is Proverbs 25:13 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (faithful messenger, neighbour), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | As | as | SCONJ | _ | 3 cold | mark |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 cold | det |
| 3 | cold | cold | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 messenger | advcl |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 snow | case |
| 5 | snow | snow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 cold | nmod |
| 6 | in | in | ADP | _ | 8 time | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 time | det |
| 8 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 cold | nmod |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 harvest | case |
| 10 | harvest | harvest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 time | nmod |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 cold | punct |
| 12 | so | so | ADV | _ | 16 messenger | advmod |
| 13 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 16 messenger | cop |
| 14 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 16 messenger | det |
| 15 | faithful | faithful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 messenger | amod |
| 16 | messenger | messenger | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 17 | to | to | ADP | _ | 18 him | case |
| 18 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 messenger | obl |
| 19 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 20 sendeth | nsubj |
| 20 | sendeth | send | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 16 messenger | acl:relcl |
| 21 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 sendeth | obj |
| 22 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 25 refresheth | punct |
| 23 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 25 refresheth | mark |
| 24 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 25 refresheth | nsubj |
| 25 | refresheth | refresh | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 16 messenger | advcl |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 soul | det |
| 27 | soul | soul | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 refresheth | obj |
| 28 | of | of | ADP | _ | 30 master | case |
| 29 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 30 master | nmod:poss |
| 30 | master | master | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 soul | nmod |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 16 messenger | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- narrate
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | a faithful messenger | neighbour | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | send | present | a faithful messenger | neighbour | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme | ||||
| 3 | refresh | present | neighbour | the soul of neighbour's master | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus soul=Experiencer |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
כְּצִנַּת־שֶׁ֨לֶג ׀ בְּי֬וֹם קָצִ֗יר צִ֣יר נֶ֭אֱמָן לְשֹׁלְחָ֑יו וְנֶ֖פֶשׁ אֲדֹנָ֣יו יָשִֽׁיב׃פ
Proverbs 25:13: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:PRO:734 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/PRO.734/