1 Kings 16:13 מְלָכִים א

Who acts: sins, Israel · What happens: sin, make, provoke · To what, where: sins, Israel, LORD

This is 1 Kings 16:13 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — sins, Israel — and what happens in the verse to sins, Israel, LORD, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 22 chapters of 1 Kings on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

אֶ֚ל כָּל־חַטֹּ֣אות בַּעְשָׁ֔א וְחַטֹּ֖אות אֵלָ֣ה בְנ֑וֹ אֲשֶׁ֣ר חָטְא֗וּ וַאֲשֶׁ֤ר הֶחֱטִ֙יאוּ֙ אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לְהַכְעִ֗יס אֶת־יְהוָ֛ה אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בְּהַבְלֵיהֶֽם׃

for all the sins of Baasa, and the sins of Elah his son, which they sinned, and wherewith they made Israel to sin, to provoke the LORD, the God of Israel, with their vanities.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	אֶ֚ל	אֶל	ADP	_	2 כָּל־	case	because of
2	כָּל־	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	root	root	all
3	חַטֹּ֣אות	חַטָּאת	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Plur	2 כָּל־	compound:smixut	the sins
4	בַּעְשָׁ֔א	בַּעְשָׁא	PROPN	_	3 חַטֹּ֣אות	compound:smixut	of Baasha
5	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	6 חַטֹּ֖אות	cc	and
6	חַטֹּ֖אות	חַטָּאת	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Plur	3 חַטֹּ֣אות	conj	the sins
7	אֵלָ֣ה	אֵלָה	PROPN	_	6 חַטֹּ֖אות	compound:smixut	of Elah
8	בְנ	בֵּן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	7 אֵלָ֣ה	appos	son
9	֑וֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 בְנ	nmod:poss	his
10	אֲשֶׁ֣ר	אֲשֶׁר	SCONJ	_	11 חָטְא֗וּ	mark	which
11	חָטְא֗וּ	חָטָא	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	2 כָּל־	acl:relcl	they sinned
12	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	14 הֶחֱטִ֙יאוּ֙	cc	and
13	אֲשֶׁ֤ר	אֲשֶׁר	SCONJ	_	14 הֶחֱטִ֙יאוּ֙	mark	which
14	הֶחֱטִ֙יאוּ֙	חָטָא	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Plur Person=3	11 חָטְא֗וּ	conj	they caused to sin
15	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	16 יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל	case	(et)
16	יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל	יִשְׂרָאֵל	PROPN	_	14 הֶחֱטִ֙יאוּ֙	obj	Israel
17	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	18 הַכְעִ֗יס	case	to
18	הַכְעִ֗יס	כָּעַס	VERB	HebBinyan=HIPHIL	14 הֶחֱטִ֙יאוּ֙	advcl	provoke to anger
19	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	20 יְהוָ֛ה	case	(et)
20	יְהוָ֛ה	יהוה	PROPN	_	18 הַכְעִ֗יס	obj	Yahweh
21	אֱלֹהֵ֥י	אֱלֹהִים	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	20 יְהוָ֛ה	appos	the God
22	יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל	יִשְׂרָאֵל	PROPN	_	21 אֱלֹהֵ֥י	compound:smixut	of Israel
23	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	24 הַבְלֵי	case	with
24	הַבְלֵי	הֶבֶל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	18 הַכְעִ֗יס	obl	vanities
25	הֶֽם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	24 הַבְלֵי	nmod:poss	their
26	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	25 הֶֽם	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)	who makes it happen (AA)
חָטְאוּ they sinned	qatal · qal	בַּעְשָׁא of Baasha + אֵלָה of Elah	חַטֹּאות the sins + חַטֹּאות the sins
הֶחֱטִיאוּ they caused to sin	qatal · hiphil	יִשְׂרָאֵל Israel	חַטֹּאות the sins + חַטֹּאות the sins	בַּעְשָׁא of Baasha + אֵלָה of Elah
הַכְעִיס provoke to anger	infinitive construct · hiphil	יְהוָה Yahweh		בַּעְשָׁא of Baasha + אֵלָה of Elah

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

עַל כָּל חוֹבֵי בַעְשָׁא וְחוֹבֵי אֵלָה בְרֵיהּ דִי חָבוּ וְדִי חַיִבוּ יַת יִשְׂרָאֵל לְאַרְגָזָא קֳדָם יְיָ אֱלָהָא דְיִשְׂרָאֵל בְּטַעֲוַתְהוֹן:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

for all the sins of Baasa, and the sins of Elah his son, which they sinned, and wherewith they made Israel to sin, to provoke the LORD, the God of Israel, with their vanities.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:1KI:578.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.16.13/