1 Kings 2:31 מְלָכִים א

Who acts: king, thou, Joab · What happens: say, fall, bury, take away, shed · To what, where: Joab, blood · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is 1 Kings 2:31 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — king, thou, Joab — and what happens in the verse to Joab, blood, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 22 chapters of 1 Kings on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיֹּ֧אמֶר ל֣וֹ הַמֶּ֗לֶךְ עֲשֵׂה֙ כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר דִּבֶּ֔ר וּפְגַע־בּ֖וֹ וּקְבַרְתּ֑וֹ וַהֲסִירֹ֣תָ ׀ דְּמֵ֣י חִנָּ֗ם אֲשֶׁר֙ שָׁפַ֣ךְ יוֹאָ֔ב מֵעָלַ֕י וּמֵעַ֖ל בֵּ֥ית אָבִֽי׃

And the king said unto him: 'Do as he hath said, and fall upon him, and bury him; that thou mayest take away the blood, which Joab shed without cause, from me and from my father's house.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יֹּ֧אמֶר	cc	and
2	יֹּ֧אמֶר	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he said
3	ל	לְ	ADP	_	4 ֣וֹ	case	to
4	֣וֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 יֹּ֧אמֶר	obl	him
5	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	6 מֶּ֗לֶךְ	det	the
6	מֶּ֗לֶךְ	מֶלֶךְ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 יֹּ֧אמֶר	nsubj	king
7	עֲשֵׂה֙	עָשָׂה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=2	2 יֹּ֧אמֶר	ccomp	do
8	כַּ	כְּ	ADP	_	7 עֲשֵׂה֙	obl	just
9	אֲשֶׁ֣ר	אֲשֶׁר	SCONJ	_	10 דִּבֶּ֔ר	mark	as
10	דִּבֶּ֔ר	דָבַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Sing Person=3	8 כַּ	acl:relcl	he has spoken
11	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	12 פְגַע־	cc	and
12	פְגַע־	פָּגַע	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=2	7 עֲשֵׂה֙	conj	fall
13	בּ	בְּ	ADP	_	14 ֖וֹ	case	on
14	֖וֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 פְגַע־	obl	him
15	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	16 קְבַרְתּ	cc	and
16	קְבַרְתּ	קָבַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=2	12 פְגַע־	conj	you
17	֑וֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	16 קְבַרְתּ	obj	will bury him
18	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	19 הֲסִירֹ֣תָ	cc	and
19	הֲסִירֹ֣תָ	סוּר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=2	7 עֲשֵׂה֙	conj	you will remove
20	׀	׀	PUNCT	_	19 הֲסִירֹ֣תָ	punct
21	דְּמֵ֣י	דָּם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	19 הֲסִירֹ֣תָ	obj	blood(s)
22	חִנָּ֗ם	חִנָּם	ADV	_	21 דְּמֵ֣י	advmod	of without cause
23	אֲשֶׁר֙	אֲשֶׁר	SCONJ	_	24 שָׁפַ֣ךְ	mark	which
24	שָׁפַ֣ךְ	שָׁפַךְ	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	21 דְּמֵ֣י	acl:relcl	he has shed
25	יוֹאָ֔ב	יוֹאָב	PROPN	_	24 שָׁפַ֣ךְ	nsubj	Joab
26	מֵ	מִן	ADP	_	28 ַ֕י	case	from
27	עָל	עַל	ADP	_	28 ַ֕י	case	on
28	ַ֕י	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	19 הֲסִירֹ֣תָ	obl	me
29	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	32 בֵּ֥ית	cc	and
30	מֵ	מִן	ADP	_	32 בֵּ֥ית	case	from
31	עַ֖ל	עַל	ADP	_	32 בֵּ֥ית	case	on
32	בֵּ֥ית	בַּיִת	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	28 ַ֕י	conj	the house
33	אָב	אָב	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	32 בֵּ֥ית	compound:smixut	my father
34	ִֽי	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	33 אָב	nmod:poss	my
35	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	34 ִֽי	punct

Pragmatics

form: command
act: request
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: no
the frame alone: decl · narrate · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
יֹּאמֶר he said	wayyiqtol · qal	מֶּלֶךְ king
עֲשֵׂה do	imperative · qal
דִּבֶּר he has spoken	qatal · piel
פְגַע־ fall	imperative · qal
קְבַרְתּ you	weqatal · qal		וֹ will bury him
הֲסִירֹתָ you will remove	weqatal · hiphil	דְּמֵי blood(s)
שָׁפַךְ he has shed	qatal · qal	יוֹאָב Joab	דְּמֵי blood(s)

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וַאֲמַר לֵיהּ מַלְכָּא עֲבֵיד כְּמָא דְמַלֵיל וְתִשְׁלוֹט בֵּיהּ וְתִקְבְּרִינֵיהּ וּתְפַלֵי חוֹבַת דַם זַכַּאי דַאֲשַׁד יוֹאָב מַגָן מִנִי וּמִן בֵּית אַבָּא:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And the king said unto him: 'Do as he hath said, and fall upon him, and bury him; that thou mayest take away the blood, which Joab shed without cause, from me and from my father's house.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:1KI:83.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.2.31/