1 Kings 20:23 מְלָכִים א

Who acts: servants, God, gods, us, we · What happens: say, be, let, fight · To what, where: God, us, plain · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is 1 Kings 20:23 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — servants, God, gods, us, we — and what happens in the verse to God, us, plain, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 22 chapters of 1 Kings on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וְעַבְדֵ֨י מֶֽלֶךְ־אֲרָ֜ם אָמְר֣וּ אֵלָ֗יו אֱלֹהֵ֤י הָרִים֙ אֱלֹ֣הֵיהֶ֔ם עַל־כֵּ֖ן חָזְק֣וּ מִמֶּ֑נּוּ וְאוּלָ֗ם נִלָּחֵ֤ם אִתָּם֙ בַּמִּישׁ֔וֹר אִם־לֹ֥א נֶחֱזַ֖ק מֵהֶֽם׃

And the servants of the king of Aram said unto him: 'Their God is a God of the hills; therefore they were stronger than we; but let us fight against them in the plain, and surely we shall be stronger than they.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	5 אָמְר֣וּ	cc	and
2	עַבְדֵ֨י	עֶבֶד	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	5 אָמְר֣וּ	nsubj	the servants
3	מֶֽלֶךְ־	מֶלֶךְ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 עַבְדֵ֨י	compound:smixut	of the king
4	אֲרָ֜ם	אֲרָם	PROPN	_	3 מֶֽלֶךְ־	compound:smixut	of Aram
5	אָמְר֣וּ	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	root	root	they said
6	אֵלָ֗י	אֶל	ADP	_	7 ו	case	to
7	ו	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 אָמְר֣וּ	obl	him
8	אֱלֹהֵ֤י	אֱלֹהִים	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	5 אָמְר֣וּ	ccomp	[is] a god
9	הָרִים֙	הַר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	8 אֱלֹהֵ֤י	compound:smixut	of mountains
10	אֱלֹ֣הֵי	אֱלֹהִים	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	8 אֱלֹהֵ֤י	nsubj	God
11	הֶ֔ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 אֱלֹ֣הֵי	nmod:poss	their
12	עַל־	עַל	ADP	_	13 כֵּ֖ן	case	therefore
13	כֵּ֖ן	כֵּן	ADV	_	5 אָמְר֣וּ	conj
14	חָזְק֣וּ	חָזַק	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	8 אֱלֹהֵ֤י	parataxis	they were strong
15	מִמּ	מִן	ADP	_	16 ֶ֑נּוּ	case	more
16	ֶ֑נּוּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	14 חָזְק֣וּ	obl	than us
17	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	19 נִלָּחֵ֤ם	cc	and
18	אוּלָ֗ם	אוּלָם	ADV	_	19 נִלָּחֵ֤ם	advmod	but
19	נִלָּחֵ֤ם	לָחַם	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Plur Person=1	8 אֱלֹהֵ֤י	conj	let us do battle
20	אִתּ	אֵת	ADP	_	21 ָם֙	case	with
21	ָם֙	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	19 נִלָּחֵ֤ם	obl	them
22	בַּ	בְּ	ADP	_	24 מִּישׁ֔וֹר	case	on
23	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	24 מִּישׁ֔וֹר	det	the level
24	מִּישׁ֔וֹר	מִישׁוֹר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	19 נִלָּחֵ֤ם	obl	ground
25	אִם־	אִם	SCONJ	_	27 נֶחֱזַ֖ק	mark	if
26	לֹ֥א	לֹא	ADV	_	27 נֶחֱזַ֖ק	advmod	not
27	נֶחֱזַ֖ק	חָזַק	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=1	8 אֱלֹהֵ֤י	parataxis	we will be strong
28	מֵ	מִן	ADP	_	29 הֶֽם	case	more
29	הֶֽם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	27 נֶחֱזַ֖ק	obl	than them
30	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	29 הֶֽם	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: yes
the frame alone: decl · assert · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)
אָמְרוּ they said	qatal · qal	עַבְדֵי the servants
חָזְקוּ they were strong	qatal · qal
נִלָּחֵם let us do battle	yiqtol · niphal	עַבְדֵי the servants + מֶֽלֶךְ־ of the king + אֲרָם of Aram
not נֶחֱזַק we will be strong	yiqtol · qal	עַבְדֵי the servants + מֶֽלֶךְ־ of the king + אֲרָם of Aram

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וְעַבְדֵי מַלְכָּא דַאֲרָם אֲמַרוּ לֵיהּ אֱלָהָא דְשַׁלִיט עַל טוּרַיָא אֱלָהָהוֹן עַל כֵּן תַּקִיפוּ מִנָנָא וּבְרַם נַגִיחַ עִמְהוֹן בְּמֵישְׁרָא אִם לָא נִתְקֵיף מִנְהוֹן:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And the servants of the king of Aram said unto him: 'Their God is a God of the hills; therefore they were stronger than we; but let us fight against them in the plain, and surely we shall be stronger than they.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:1KI:713.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.20.23/