1 Kings 20:23 · JPS 1917
And the servants of the king of Aram said unto him: 'Their God is a God of the hills; therefore they were stronger than we; but let us fight against them in the plain, and surely we shall be stronger than they.
Who acts: servants, God, gods, us, we · What happens: say, be, let, fight · To what, where: God, us, plain · Speech: someone speaks here
This is 1 Kings 20:23 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (servants, God, gods, us), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 said | cc |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 servants | det |
| 3 | servants | servant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 said | nsubj |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 6 king | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 king | det |
| 6 | king | king | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 servants | nmod |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 8 Aram | case |
| 8 | Aram | Aram | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 king | nmod |
| 9 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 10 | unto | unto | ADP | _ | 11 him | case |
| 11 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 said | obl |
| 12 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 18 God | punct |
| 13 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 18 God | punct |
| 14 | Their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 15 God | nmod:poss |
| 15 | God | God | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 God | nsubj |
| 16 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 18 God | cop |
| 17 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 18 God | det |
| 18 | God | God | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 said | ccomp |
| 19 | of | of | ADP | _ | 21 hills | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 hills | det |
| 21 | hills | hill | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 God | nmod |
| 22 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 26 stronger | punct |
| 23 | therefore | therefore | ADV | _ | 26 stronger | advmod |
| 24 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 26 stronger | nsubj |
| 25 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 26 stronger | cop |
| 26 | stronger | strong | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 18 God | parataxis |
| 27 | than | than | ADP | _ | 28 we | case |
| 28 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 26 stronger | obl |
| 29 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 31 let | punct |
| 30 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 31 let | cc |
| 31 | let | let | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 9 said | parataxis |
| 32 | us | we | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 31 let | obj |
| 33 | fight | fight | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 31 let | xcomp |
| 34 | against | against | ADP | _ | 35 them | case |
| 35 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 33 fight | obl |
| 36 | in | in | ADP | _ | 38 plain | case |
| 37 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 plain | det |
| 38 | plain | plain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 fight | obl |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 45 stronger | punct |
| 40 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 45 stronger | cc |
| 41 | surely | surely | ADV | _ | 45 stronger | advmod |
| 42 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 45 stronger | nsubj |
| 43 | shall | shall | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 45 stronger | aux |
| 44 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 45 stronger | cop |
| 45 | stronger | strong | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 31 let | conj |
| 46 | than | than | ADP | _ | 47 they | case |
| 47 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 45 stronger | obl |
| 48 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 said | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- suggest
- voice
- character
- polarity
- pos
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | the servants of the king of Aram | unto king | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | is a | present | servants's God | a God | of the hills | tree rules | |||
| 3 | is | past | gods = god | than we; strong, therefore property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | let | infinitive | us | tree rules | |||||
| 5 | fight | infinitive | us not said here | the plain | against servants = servant | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||
| 6 | is | shall | we | than servants = servant; strong, surely property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
וְעַבְדֵ֨י מֶֽלֶךְ־אֲרָ֜ם אָמְר֣וּ אֵלָ֗יו אֱלֹהֵ֤י הָרִים֙ אֱלֹ֣הֵיהֶ֔ם עַל־כֵּ֖ן חָזְק֣וּ מִמֶּ֑נּוּ וְאוּלָ֗ם נִלָּחֵ֤ם אִתָּם֙ בַּמִּישׁ֔וֹר אִם־לֹ֥א נֶחֱזַ֖ק מֵהֶֽם׃
1 Kings 20:23: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:1KI:749 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.749/