1 Samuel 13:20 שְׁמוּאֵל א

Who acts: Israelites, man · What happens: go down, sharpen · To what, where: plowshare

This is 1 Samuel 13:20 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Israelites, man — and what happens in the verse to plowshare, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיֵּרְד֥וּ כָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֑ים לִ֠לְטוֹשׁ אִ֣ישׁ אֶת־מַחֲרַשְׁתּ֤וֹ וְאֶת־אֵתוֹ֙ וְאֶת־קַרְדֻּמּ֔וֹ וְאֵ֖ת מַחֲרֵשָׁתֽוֹ׃

but all the Israelites went down to the Philistines, to sharpen every man his plowshare, and his coulter, and his axe, and his mattock.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יֵּרְד֥וּ	cc	and
2	יֵּרְד֥וּ	יָרַד	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	root	root	they went down
3	כָל־	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 יֵּרְד֥וּ	nsubj	all
4	יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל	יִשְׂרָאֵל	PROPN	_	3 כָל־	compound:smixut	Israel
5	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	6 פְּלִשְׁתִּ֑ים	det	the
6	פְּלִשְׁתִּ֑ים	פְּלִשְׁתִּי	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	2 יֵּרְד֥וּ	obl	Philistines
7	לִ֠	לְ	ADP	_	8 לְטוֹשׁ	case	to
8	לְטוֹשׁ	לָטַשׁ	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	2 יֵּרְד֥וּ	advcl	sharpen
9	אִ֣ישׁ	אִישׁ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	8 לְטוֹשׁ	obl	each man
10	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	11 מַחֲרַשְׁתּ	case	(et)
11	מַחֲרַשְׁתּ	מַחֲרֶשֶׁת	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	8 לְטוֹשׁ	obj	plowshare
12	֤וֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 מַחֲרַשְׁתּ	nmod:poss	his
13	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	15 אֵת	cc	and
14	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	15 אֵת	case	(et)
15	אֵת	אֵת	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	11 מַחֲרַשְׁתּ	conj	mattock
16	וֹ֙	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	15 אֵת	nmod:poss	his
17	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	19 קַרְדֻּמּ	cc	and
18	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	19 קַרְדֻּמּ	case	(et)
19	קַרְדֻּמּ	קַרְדֹּם	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 מַחֲרַשְׁתּ	conj	axe
20	֔וֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	19 קַרְדֻּמּ	nmod:poss	his
21	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	23 מַחֲרֵשָׁת	cc	and
22	אֵ֖ת	אֵת	ADP	_	23 מַחֲרֵשָׁת	case	(et)
23	מַחֲרֵשָׁת	מַחֲרֵשָׁה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	11 מַחֲרַשְׁתּ	conj	plowshare
24	ֽוֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	23 מַחֲרֵשָׁת	nmod:poss	his
25	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	24 ֽוֹ	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)	to whom, further (A2)	who makes it happen (AA)
יֵּרְדוּ they went down	wayyiqtol · qal	יִשְׂרָאֵל Israel
לְטוֹשׁ sharpen	infinitive construct · qal	יִשְׂרָאֵל Israel	מַחֲרַשְׁתּ plowshare + אֵת mattock + קַרְדֻּמּ axe + מַחֲרֵשָׁת plowshare

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וּנְחָתוּ כָל יִשְׂרָאֵל לְאַרְעָא פְלִשְׁתָּאֵי לְחָרָפָא גְבַר יַת פְּרָשֵׁיהּ וְיַת סִיכַת פַּדָנֵיהּ וְיַת כּוּלְבֵיהּ וְיַת עוּשְׁפֵיהּ:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

but all the Israelites went down to the Philistines, to sharpen every man his plowshare, and his coulter, and his axe, and his mattock.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:1SA:292.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.13.20/