1 Samuel 14:12 שְׁמוּאֵל א

Who acts: men, we, Jonathan, LORD · What happens: speak, say, come up, show, deliver · To what, where: Jonathan, us, thing, you, passes, hand · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is 1 Samuel 14:12 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — men, we, Jonathan, LORD — and what happens in the verse to Jonathan, us, thing, you, passes, hand, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיַּעֲנוּ֩ אַנְשֵׁ֨י הַמַּצָּבָ֜ה אֶת־יוֹנָתָ֣ן ׀ וְאֶת־נֹשֵׂ֣א כֵלָ֗יו וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ עֲל֣וּ אֵלֵ֔ינוּ וְנוֹדִ֥יעָה אֶתְכֶ֖ם דָּבָ֑רפ וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יוֹנָתָ֜ן אֶל־נֹשֵׂ֤א כֵלָיו֙ עֲלֵ֣ה אַחֲרַ֔י כִּֽי־נְתָנָ֥ם יְהוָ֖ה בְּיַ֥ד יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃

And the men of the garrison spoke to Jonathan and his armour-bearer, and said: 'Come up to us, and we will show you a thing.' And Jonathan said unto his armour-bearer: 'Come up after me; for the LORD hath delivered them into the hand of Israel.'

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יַּעֲנוּ֩	cc	and
2	יַּעֲנוּ֩	עָנָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	root	root	they answered
3	אַנְשֵׁ֨י	אִישׁ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	2 יַּעֲנוּ֩	nsubj	the men
4	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	5 מַּצָּבָ֜ה	det	of
5	מַּצָּבָ֜ה	מִצָּבָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	3 אַנְשֵׁ֨י	compound:smixut	the garrison
6	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	7 יוֹנָתָ֣ן	case	(et)
7	יוֹנָתָ֣ן	יוֹנָתָן	PROPN	_	2 יַּעֲנוּ֩	obj	Jonathan
8	׀	׀	PUNCT	_	7 יוֹנָתָ֣ן	punct
9	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	11 נֹשֵׂ֣א	cc	and
10	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	11 נֹשֵׂ֣א	case	(et)
11	נֹשֵׂ֣א	נָשָׂא	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing	7 יוֹנָתָ֣ן	conj	the bearer
12	כֵלָ֗י	כְּלִי	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	11 נֹשֵׂ֣א	compound:smixut	his armor(s)
13	ו	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 כֵלָ֗י	nmod:poss	his
14	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	15 יֹּֽאמְרוּ֙	cc	and
15	יֹּֽאמְרוּ֙	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	2 יַּעֲנוּ֩	conj	they said
16	עֲל֣וּ	עָלָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=2	15 יֹּֽאמְרוּ֙	ccomp	come up
17	אֵלֵ֔י	אֶל	ADP	_	18 נוּ	case	to
18	נוּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	16 עֲל֣וּ	obl	us
19	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	20 נוֹדִ֥יעָה	cc	and
20	נוֹדִ֥יעָה	יָדַע	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Plur Person=1	16 עֲל֣וּ	conj	we will make known to
21	אֶת	אֵת	ADP	_	22 ְכֶ֖ם	case
22	ְכֶ֖ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=2 PronType=Prs	20 נוֹדִ֥יעָה	obj	you
23	דָּבָ֑ר	דָּבָר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	20 נוֹדִ֥יעָה	xcomp	something
24	פ	פ	PUNCT	_	23 דָּבָ֑ר	punct
25	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	26 יֹּ֨אמֶר	cc	and
26	יֹּ֨אמֶר	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יַּעֲנוּ֩	conj	he said
27	יוֹנָתָ֜ן	יוֹנָתָן	PROPN	_	26 יֹּ֨אמֶר	nsubj	Jonathan
28	אֶל־	אֶל	ADP	_	29 נֹשֵׂ֤א	case	to
29	נֹשֵׂ֤א	נָשָׂא	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing	26 יֹּ֨אמֶר	advcl	the bearer
30	כֵלָי	כְּלִי	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	29 נֹשֵׂ֤א	compound:smixut	his armor(s)
31	ו֙	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	30 כֵלָי	nmod:poss	his
32	עֲלֵ֣ה	עָלָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=2	26 יֹּ֨אמֶר	ccomp	come up
33	אַחֲר	אַחַר	ADP	_	34 ַ֔י	case	after
34	ַ֔י	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	32 עֲלֵ֣ה	obl	me
35	כִּֽי־	כִּי	SCONJ	_	36 נְתָנ	mark	(dm)
36	נְתָנ	נָתַן	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	32 עֲלֵ֣ה	advcl	he
37	ָ֥ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	36 נְתָנ	obj	has given them
38	יְהוָ֖ה	יהוה	PROPN	_	36 נְתָנ	nsubj	Yahweh
39	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	40 יַ֥ד	case	in
40	יַ֥ד	יָד	NOUN	Number=Sing	36 נְתָנ	obl	the hand
41	יִשְׂרָאֵֽל	יִשְׂרָאֵל	PROPN	_	40 יַ֥ד	compound:smixut	of Israel
42	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	41 יִשְׂרָאֵֽל	punct

Pragmatics

form: command
act: request
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: no
the frame alone: decl · narrate · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)	who makes it happen (AA)
יַּעֲנוּ they answered	wayyiqtol · qal	אַנְשֵׁי the men	יוֹנָתָן Jonathan + נֹשֵׂא the bearer
נֹשֵׂא the bearer	participle active · qal		כֵלָי his armor(s)
יֹּֽאמְרוּ they said	wayyiqtol · qal	אַנְשֵׁי the men
עֲלוּ come up	imperative · qal	יוֹנָתָן Jonathan + נֹשֵׂא the bearer
נוֹדִיעָה we will make known to	cohortative · hiphil	ְכֶם you	דָּבָר something	אַנְשֵׁי the men
יֹּאמֶר he said	wayyiqtol · qal	אֶל־ to
נֹשֵׂא the bearer	participle active · qal		עֲלֵה come up
עֲלֵה come up	imperative · qal	כֵלָי his armor(s)
נְתָנ he	qatal · qal	בְּ in

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וַאֲתִיבוּ אֱנָשֵׁי מַטַרְתָּא יַת יוֹנָתָן וְיַת נְטַל זְיָנֵיהּ וַאֲמָרוּ סָקוּ עֲלָנָא וּנְהוֹדַע יַתְכוֹן פִּתְגָמָא וַאֲמַר יוֹנָתָן לִנְטַל זְיָנֵיהּ סַק בַּתְרַי אֲרֵי מַסְרִינוּן יְיָ בִּידָא דְיִשְׂרָאֵל:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And the men of the garrison spoke to Jonathan and his armour-bearer, and said: 'Come up to us, and we will show you a thing.' And Jonathan said unto his armour-bearer: 'Come up after me; for the LORD hath delivered them into the hand of Israel.'

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:1SA:307.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.14.12/