1 Samuel 14:11 שְׁמוּאֵל א

Who acts: both, Philistines, Hebrews, passes · What happens: disclose, say, come, hide · To what, where: passes, holes · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is 1 Samuel 14:11 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — both, Philistines, Hebrews, passes — and what happens in the verse to passes, holes, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיִּגָּל֣וּ שְׁנֵיהֶ֔ם אֶל־מַצַּ֖ב פְּלִשְׁתִּ֑ים וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ פְלִשְׁתִּ֔ים הִנֵּ֤ה עִבְרִים֙ יֹֽצְאִ֔ים מִן־הַחֹרִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר הִתְחַבְּאוּ־שָֽׁם׃

And both of them disclosed themselves unto the garrison of the Philistines; and the Philistines said: 'Behold Hebrews coming forth out of the holes where they hid themselves.'

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יִּגָּל֣וּ	cc	and
2	יִּגָּל֣וּ	גָּלָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Plur Person=3	root	root	they revealed themselves
3	שְׁנֵי	שְׁנַיִם	NUM	Gender=Masc Number=Dual	4 הֶ֔ם	nummod	the two
4	הֶ֔ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 יִּגָּל֣וּ	nsubj	of them
5	אֶל־	אֶל	ADP	_	6 מַצַּ֖ב	case	to
6	מַצַּ֖ב	מַצָּב	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 יִּגָּל֣וּ	obl	the garrison
7	פְּלִשְׁתִּ֑ים	פְּלִשְׁתִּי	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	6 מַצַּ֖ב	compound:smixut	of [the] Philistines
8	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	9 יֹּאמְר֣וּ	cc	and
9	יֹּאמְר֣וּ	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	2 יִּגָּל֣וּ	conj	they said
10	פְלִשְׁתִּ֔ים	פְּלִשְׁתִּי	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	9 יֹּאמְר֣וּ	nsubj	[the] Philistines
11	הִנֵּ֤ה	הִנֵּה	INTJ	_	13 יֹֽצְאִ֔ים	discourse	here!
12	עִבְרִים֙	עִבְרִי	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	13 יֹֽצְאִ֔ים	nsubj	Hebrews
13	יֹֽצְאִ֔ים	יָצָא	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur	9 יֹּאמְר֣וּ	ccomp	[are] coming out
14	מִן־	מִן	ADP	_	16 חֹרִ֖ים	case	from
15	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	16 חֹרִ֖ים	det	the
16	חֹרִ֖ים	חֹר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	13 יֹֽצְאִ֔ים	obl	holes
17	אֲשֶׁ֥ר	אֲשֶׁר	SCONJ	_	18 הִתְחַבְּאוּ־	mark	where
18	הִתְחַבְּאוּ־	חָבָא	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=HITHPAEL Number=Plur Person=3	16 חֹרִ֖ים	acl:relcl	they have hidden themselves
19	שָֽׁם	שָׁם	ADV	_	18 הִתְחַבְּאוּ־	advmod	there
20	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	19 שָֽׁם	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: no
the frame alone: decl · narrate · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
יִּגָּלוּ they revealed themselves	wayyiqtol · niphal		הֶם of them
יֹּאמְרוּ they said	wayyiqtol · qal	פְלִשְׁתִּים [the] Philistines
יֹֽצְאִים [are] coming out	participle active · qal	עִבְרִים Hebrews
הִתְחַבְּאוּ־ they have hidden themselves	qatal · hithpael	עִבְרִים Hebrews

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וְאִתְגְלִיאוּ תַרְוֵיהוֹן לְאִסְטַרְטְגֵי פְלִשְׁתָּאֵי וַאֲמָרוּ פְלִשְׁתָּאֵי הָא יְהוּדָאֵי נַפְקִין מִן חוֹרָאֵי דְאִטַמָרוּ תַמָן:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And both of them disclosed themselves unto the garrison of the Philistines; and the Philistines said: 'Behold Hebrews coming forth out of the holes where they hid themselves.'

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:1SA:306.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.14.11/