1 Samuel 14:38 שְׁמוּאֵל א

Who acts: Saul, sin · What happens: say, draw, know, see, be · To what, where: day · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is 1 Samuel 14:38 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Saul, sin — and what happens in the verse to day, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיֹּ֣אמֶר שָׁא֔וּל גֹּ֣שֽׁוּ הֲלֹ֔ם כֹּ֖ל פִּנּ֣וֹת הָעָ֑ם וּדְע֣וּ וּרְא֔וּ בַּמָּ֗ה הָֽיְתָ֛ה הַחַטָּ֥את הַזֹּ֖את הַיּֽוֹם׃

And Saul said: 'Draw nigh hither, all ye chiefs of the people; and know and see wherein this sin hath been this day.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יֹּ֣אמֶר	cc	and
2	יֹּ֣אמֶר	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he said
3	שָׁא֔וּל	שָׁאוּל	PROPN	_	2 יֹּ֣אמֶר	nsubj	Saul
4	גֹּ֣שֽׁוּ	נָגַשׁ	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=2	2 יֹּ֣אמֶר	ccomp	draw near
5	הֲלֹ֔ם	הֲלֹם	ADV	_	4 גֹּ֣שֽׁוּ	advmod	here
6	כֹּ֖ל	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	4 גֹּ֣שֽׁוּ	parataxis	O all
7	פִּנּ֣וֹת	פִּנָּה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Plur	6 כֹּ֖ל	compound:smixut	the corners
8	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	9 עָ֑ם	det	of
9	עָ֑ם	עַם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	7 פִּנּ֣וֹת	compound:smixut	the people
10	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	11 דְע֣וּ	cc	and
11	דְע֣וּ	יָדַע	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=2	4 גֹּ֣שֽׁוּ	conj	know
12	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	13 רְא֔וּ	cc	and
13	רְא֔וּ	רָאָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=2	11 דְע֣וּ	conj	see
14	בַּ	בְּ	ADP	_	15 מָּ֗ה	case
15	מָּ֗ה	מָה	PRON	PronType=Int	11 דְע֣וּ	ccomp	how?
16	הָֽיְתָ֛ה	הָיָה	AUX	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	15 מָּ֗ה	cop	has it happened
17	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	18 חַטָּ֥את	det	the
18	חַטָּ֥את	חַטָּאת	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	15 מָּ֗ה	nsubj	sin
19	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	20 זֹּ֖את	det	(the)
20	זֹּ֖את	זֹאת	DET	Gender=Fem Number=Sing PronType=Dem	18 חַטָּ֥את	det	this
21	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	22 יּֽוֹם	det	this
22	יּֽוֹם	יוֹם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	15 מָּ֗ה	obl	day
23	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	22 יּֽוֹם	punct

Pragmatics

form: command
act: request
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: no
the frame alone: decl · narrate · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
יֹּאמֶר he said	wayyiqtol · qal	שָׁאוּל Saul
גֹּשֽׁוּ draw near	imperative · qal	פִּנּוֹת the corners
דְעוּ know	imperative · qal	פִּנּוֹת the corners	הָֽיְתָה has it happened
רְאוּ see	imperative · qal	פִּנּוֹת the corners	הָֽיְתָה has it happened
הָֽיְתָה has it happened	qatal · qal	חַטָּאת sin

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וַאֲמַר שָׁאוּל אִתְקְרִיבוּ הַלְכָא כָּל רֵישֵׁי עַמָא וּדְעוֹ וַחֲזוֹ בְּמָן הֲוַת חוֹבָא הָדֵין יוֹמָא דֵין:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And Saul said: 'Draw nigh hither, all ye chiefs of the people; and know and see wherein this sin hath been this day.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:1SA:333.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.14.38/