1 Samuel 19:5 שְׁמוּאֵל א

Who acts: David, LORD, thou · What happens: put, smote, wrought, see, rejoice, sin · To what, where: life, hand, Philistine, great victory, victory, David

This is 1 Samuel 19:5 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — David, LORD, thou — and what happens in the verse to life, hand, Philistine, great victory, victory, David, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיָּשֶׂם֩ אֶת־נַפְשׁ֨וֹ בְכַפּ֜וֹ וַיַּ֣ךְ אֶת־הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֗י וַיַּ֨עַשׂ יְהוָ֜ה תְּשׁוּעָ֤ה גְדוֹלָה֙ לְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל רָאִ֖יתָ וַתִּשְׂמָ֑ח וְלָ֤מָּה תֶֽחֱטָא֙ בְּדָ֣ם נָקִ֔י לְהָמִ֥ית אֶת־דָּוִ֖ד חִנָּֽם׃

for he put his life in his hand, and smote the Philistine, and the LORD wrought a great victory for all Israel; thou sawest it, and didst rejoice; wherefore then wilt thou sin against innocent blood, to slay David without a cause?'

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יָּשֶׂם֩	cc	and
2	יָּשֶׂם֩	שׂים	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he put
3	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	4 נַפְשׁ	case	(et)
4	נַפְשׁ	נֶפֶשׁ	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 יָּשֶׂם֩	obj	life
5	֨וֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 נַפְשׁ	nmod:poss	his
6	בְ	בְּ	ADP	_	7 כַפּ	case	in
7	כַפּ	כַּף	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	2 יָּשֶׂם֩	obl	palm
8	֜וֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 כַפּ	nmod:poss	his
9	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	10 יַּ֣ךְ	cc	and
10	יַּ֣ךְ	נָכָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יָּשֶׂם֩	conj	he struck down
11	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	13 פְּלִשְׁתִּ֗י	case	(et)
12	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	13 פְּלִשְׁתִּ֗י	det	the
13	פְּלִשְׁתִּ֗י	פְּלִשְׁתִּי	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	10 יַּ֣ךְ	obj	Philistine
14	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	15 יַּ֨עַשׂ	cc	and
15	יַּ֨עַשׂ	עָשָׂה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יָּשֶׂם֩	conj	he made
16	יְהוָ֜ה	יהוה	PROPN	_	15 יַּ֨עַשׂ	nsubj	Yahweh
17	תְּשׁוּעָ֤ה	תְּשׁוּעָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	15 יַּ֨עַשׂ	obj	a deliverance
18	גְדוֹלָה֙	גָּדוֹל	ADJ	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	17 תְּשׁוּעָ֤ה	amod	great
19	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	20 כָל־	case	for
20	כָל־	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	15 יַּ֨עַשׂ	obl	all
21	יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל	יִשְׂרָאֵל	PROPN	_	20 כָל־	compound:smixut	Israel
22	רָאִ֖יתָ	רָאָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=2	2 יָּשֶׂם֩	parataxis	you saw
23	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	24 תִּשְׂמָ֑ח	cc	and
24	תִּשְׂמָ֑ח	שָׂמַח	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=2	2 יָּשֶׂם֩	conj	you rejoiced
25	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	28 תֶֽחֱטָא֙	cc	and
26	לָ֤	לָמָה	ADP	_	27 מָּה	case
27	מָּה	מָה	PRON	PronType=Int	28 תֶֽחֱטָא֙	obl	why?
28	תֶֽחֱטָא֙	חָטָא	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=2	2 יָּשֶׂם֩	conj	will you sin
29	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	30 דָ֣ם	case	against
30	דָ֣ם	דָּם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	28 תֶֽחֱטָא֙	obl	blood
31	נָקִ֔י	נָקִי	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	30 דָ֣ם	amod	innocent
32	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	33 הָמִ֥ית	case	by
33	הָמִ֥ית	מוּת	VERB	HebBinyan=HIPHIL	28 תֶֽחֱטָא֙	advcl	killing
34	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	35 דָּוִ֖ד	case	(et)
35	דָּוִ֖ד	דָּוִד	PROPN	_	33 הָמִ֥ית	obj	David
36	חִנָּֽם	חִנָּם	ADV	_	33 הָמִ֥ית	advmod	without cause
37	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	36 חִנָּֽם	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: inside a quote begun earlier
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
יָּשֶׂם he put	wayyiqtol · qal		נַפְשׁ life
יַּךְ he struck down	wayyiqtol · hiphil	פְּלִשְׁתִּי Philistine
יַּעַשׂ he made	wayyiqtol · qal	יְהוָה Yahweh	תְּשׁוּעָה a deliverance
רָאִיתָ you saw	qatal · qal
תִּשְׂמָח you rejoiced	wayyiqtol · qal
תֶֽחֱטָא will you sin	yiqtol · qal
הָמִית killing	infinitive construct · hiphil	דָּוִד David

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וּמְסַר יַת נַפְשֵׁיהּ כְּעַל גַב לְאִתְקְטָלָא וּקְטַל יַת פְלִשְׁתָּאָה וַעֲבַד יְיָ פּוּרְקָנָא רַבָּא לְכָל יִשְׂרָאֵל חֲזֵיתָא וַחֲדֵיתָא וּלְמָא תִּתְחַיֵב בְּדַם זַכַּאי לְמִקְטַל יַת דָוִד מַגָן:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

for he put his life in his hand, and smote the Philistine, and the LORD wrought a great victory for all Israel; thou sawest it, and didst rejoice; wherefore then wilt thou sin against innocent blood, to slay David without a cause?'

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:1SA:498.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.19.5/