1 Samuel 20:38 שְׁמוּאֵל א

Who acts: Jonathan, lad · What happens: cry, make, hasten, not stay, gather up, come · To what, where: speed, arrows, master

This is 1 Samuel 20:38 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Jonathan, lad — and what happens in the verse to speed, arrows, master, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיִּקְרָ֤א יְהֽוֹנָתָן֙ אַחֲרֵ֣י הַנַּ֔עַר מְהֵרָ֥ה ח֖וּשָׁה אַֽל־תַּעֲמֹ֑ד וַיְלַקֵּ֞ט נַ֤עַר יְהֽוֹנָתָן֙ אֶת־הַ֣חִצִּ֔ים וַיָּבֹ֖א אֶל־אֲדֹנָֽיו׃

And Jonathan cried after the lad: 'Make speed, hasten, stay not.' And Jonathan's lad gathered up the arrows, and came to his master.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יִּקְרָ֤א	cc	and
2	יִּקְרָ֤א	קָרָא	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he called out
3	יְהֽוֹנָתָן֙	יְהוֹנָתָן	PROPN	_	2 יִּקְרָ֤א	nsubj	Jonathan
4	אַחֲרֵ֣י	אַחַר	ADP	_	6 נַּ֔עַר	case	after
5	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	6 נַּ֔עַר	det	the
6	נַּ֔עַר	נַעַר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 יִּקְרָ֤א	obl	lad
7	מְהֵרָ֥ה	מְהֵרָה	ADV	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	8 ח֖וּשׁ	advmod	quickly
8	ח֖וּשׁ	חוּשׁ	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=2	2 יִּקְרָ֤א	ccomp	make
9	ָה	ה	X	_	8 ח֖וּשׁ	nmod	haste
10	אַֽל־	אַל	ADV	_	11 תַּעֲמֹ֑ד	advmod	do not
11	תַּעֲמֹ֑ד	עָמַד	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=2	8 ח֖וּשׁ	parataxis	delay
12	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	13 יְלַקֵּ֞ט	cc	and
13	יְלַקֵּ֞ט	לָקַט	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יִּקְרָ֤א	conj	he picked up
14	נַ֤עַר	נַעַר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	13 יְלַקֵּ֞ט	nsubj	the lad
15	יְהֽוֹנָתָן֙	יְהוֹנָתָן	PROPN	_	14 נַ֤עַר	compound:smixut	of Jonathan
16	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	18 חִצִּ֔ים	case	(et)
17	הַ֣	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	18 חִצִּ֔ים	det	the
18	חִצִּ֔ים	חֵץ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	13 יְלַקֵּ֞ט	obj	arrows
19	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	20 יָּבֹ֖א	cc	and
20	יָּבֹ֖א	בּוֹא	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יִּקְרָ֤א	conj	he came
21	אֶל־	אֶל	ADP	_	22 אֲדֹנָֽי	case	to
22	אֲדֹנָֽי	אָדוֹן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	20 יָּבֹ֖א	obl	master(s)
23	ו	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	22 אֲדֹנָֽי	nmod:poss	his
24	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	23 ו	punct

Pragmatics

form: command
act: request
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: yes
the frame alone: decl · narrate · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
יִּקְרָא he called out	wayyiqtol · qal	יְהֽוֹנָתָן Jonathan
חוּשׁ make	imperative · qal	נַּעַר lad
not תַּעֲמֹד delay	jussive · qal	נַּעַר lad
יְלַקֵּט he picked up	wayyiqtol · piel	נַעַר the lad	חִצִּים arrows
יָּבֹא he came	wayyiqtol · qal	נַעַר the lad

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וּקְרָא יְהוֹנָתָן בָּתַר עוּלֵימָא אוֹחִי בִּפְרִיעַ לָא תִתְעַכֵּב וּלְקֵיט עוּלֵימָא דִיהוֹנָתָן יַת גִירַיָא וַאֲתָא לְוַת רִבּוֹנֵיהּ:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And Jonathan cried after the lad: 'Make speed, hasten, stay not.' And Jonathan's lad gathered up the arrows, and came to his master.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:1SA:555.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.20.38/