1 Samuel 20:38 · JPS 1917
And Jonathan cried after the lad: 'Make speed, hasten, stay not.' And Jonathan's lad gathered up the arrows, and came to his master.
Who acts: Jonathan, lad · What happens: cry, make, hasten, not stay, gather up, come · To what, where: speed, arrows, master
This is 1 Samuel 20:38 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Jonathan, lad), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 3 cried | cc |
| 2 | Jonathan | Jonathan | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 cried | nsubj |
| 3 | cried | cry | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | after | after | ADP | _ | 6 lad | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 lad | det |
| 6 | lad | lad | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 cried | obl |
| 7 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 9 Make | punct |
| 8 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 9 Make | punct |
| 9 | Make | make | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 cried | parataxis |
| 10 | speed | speed | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 Make | obj |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 hasten | punct |
| 12 | hasten | hasten | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 9 Make | conj |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 stay | punct |
| 14 | stay | stay | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 9 Make | conj |
| 15 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 14 stay | advmod |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 14 stay | punct |
| 17 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 14 stay | punct |
| 18 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 gathered | cc |
| 19 | Jonathan | Jonathan | PROPN | Number=Sing | 21 lad | nmod:poss |
| 20 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 19 Jonathan | case |
| 21 | lad | lad | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 gathered | nsubj |
| 22 | gathered | gather | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 cried | conj |
| 23 | up | up | ADP | _ | 22 gathered | compound:prt |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 arrows | det |
| 25 | arrows | arrow | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 gathered | obj |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 came | punct |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 came | cc |
| 28 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 22 gathered | conj |
| 29 | to | to | ADP | _ | 31 master | case |
| 30 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 31 master | nmod:poss |
| 31 | master | master | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 came | obl |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 cried | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- command
- act
- request
- voice
- character
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | cry speech: express | past | Jonathan | after the lad | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | make | infinitive | speed | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset speed=Product | |||||
| 3 | hasten | infinitive | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ||||||
| 4 | not stay | infinitive | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 5 | gather up | past | Jonathan's lad | the arrows | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent arrow=Theme | ||||
| 6 | come | past | Jonathan's lad not said here | Jonathan's master | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to master=Initial_Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
וַיִּקְרָ֤א יְהֽוֹנָתָן֙ אַחֲרֵ֣י הַנַּ֔עַר מְהֵרָ֥ה ח֖וּשָׁה אַֽל־תַּעֲמֹ֑ד וַיְלַקֵּ֞ט נַ֤עַר יְהֽוֹנָתָן֙ אֶת־הַ֣חִצִּ֔ים וַיָּבֹ֖א אֶל־אֲדֹנָֽיו׃
1 Samuel 20:38: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:1SA:616 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.616/