1 Samuel 20:37 · JPS 1917
And when the lad was come to the place of the arrow which Jonathan had shot, Jonathan cried after the lad, and said: 'Is not the arrow beyond thee?'
Who acts: Jonathan · What happens: come, shoot, cry, say, not be · To what, where: lad, arrow · Speech: someone speaks here
This is 1 Samuel 20:37 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Jonathan), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 cried | cc |
| 2 | when | when | SCONJ | _ | 6 come | mark |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 lad | det |
| 4 | lad | lad | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 come | nsubj:pass |
| 5 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 come | aux:pass |
| 6 | come | come | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 19 cried | advcl |
| 7 | to | to | ADP | _ | 9 place | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 place | det |
| 9 | place | place | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 come | obl |
| 10 | of | of | ADP | _ | 12 arrow | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 arrow | det |
| 12 | arrow | arrow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 place | nmod |
| 13 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 16 shot | obj |
| 14 | Jonathan | Jonathan | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 shot | nsubj |
| 15 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 shot | aux |
| 16 | shot | shoot | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 12 arrow | acl:relcl |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 come | punct |
| 18 | Jonathan | Jonathan | PROPN | Number=Sing | 19 cried | nsubj |
| 19 | cried | cry | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 20 | after | after | ADP | _ | 22 lad | case |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 lad | det |
| 22 | lad | lad | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 cried | obl |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 said | punct |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 said | cc |
| 25 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 19 cried | conj |
| 26 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 31 arrow | punct |
| 27 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 31 arrow | punct |
| 28 | Is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 31 arrow | cop |
| 29 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 31 arrow | advmod |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 arrow | det |
| 31 | arrow | arrow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 said | ccomp |
| 32 | beyond | beyond | ADP | _ | 33 thee | case |
| 33 | thee | thou | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 31 arrow | nmod |
| 34 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 31 arrow | punct |
| 35 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 31 arrow | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- yes/no question
- act
- ask
- voice
- character
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed act=ask
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | come | past · passive | the lad | to the place of the arrow | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme | ||||
| 2 | shoot | past · perfect | Jonathan | the arrow | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent which=Theme | ||||
| 3 | cry speech: express | past | Jonathan | after the lad | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | say speech: assert | past | Jonathan not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 5 | not is a | present | the arrow | beyond thee | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
וַיָּבֹ֤א הַנַּ֙עַר֙ עַד־מְק֣וֹם הַחֵ֔צִי אֲשֶׁ֥ר יָרָ֖ה יְהוֹנָתָ֑ן וַיִּקְרָ֨א יְהוֹנָתָ֜ן אַחֲרֵ֤י הַנַּ֙עַר֙ וַיֹּ֔אמֶר הֲל֥וֹא הַחֵ֖צִי מִמְּךָ֥ וָהָֽלְאָה׃
1 Samuel 20:37: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:1SA:615 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.615/