1 Samuel 20:37 שְׁמוּאֵל א

Who acts: Jonathan · What happens: come, shoot, cry, say, not be · To what, where: lad, arrow · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is 1 Samuel 20:37 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Jonathan — and what happens in the verse to lad, arrow, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיָּבֹ֤א הַנַּ֙עַר֙ עַד־מְק֣וֹם הַחֵ֔צִי אֲשֶׁ֥ר יָרָ֖ה יְהוֹנָתָ֑ן וַיִּקְרָ֨א יְהוֹנָתָ֜ן אַחֲרֵ֤י הַנַּ֙עַר֙ וַיֹּ֔אמֶר הֲל֥וֹא הַחֵ֖צִי מִמְּךָ֥ וָהָֽלְאָה׃

And when the lad was come to the place of the arrow which Jonathan had shot, Jonathan cried after the lad, and said: 'Is not the arrow beyond thee?'

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יָּבֹ֤א	cc	and
2	יָּבֹ֤א	בּוֹא	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he came
3	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	4 נַּ֙עַר֙	det	the
4	נַּ֙עַר֙	נַעַר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 יָּבֹ֤א	nsubj	lad
5	עַד־	עַד	ADP	_	6 מְק֣וֹם	case	to
6	מְק֣וֹם	מָקוֹם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 יָּבֹ֤א	obl	the place
7	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	8 חֵ֔צִי	det	of
8	חֵ֔צִי	חֵצִי	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	6 מְק֣וֹם	compound:smixut	the arrow
9	אֲשֶׁ֥ר	אֲשֶׁר	SCONJ	_	10 יָרָ֖ה	mark	which
10	יָרָ֖ה	יָרָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	6 מְק֣וֹם	acl:relcl	he had shot
11	יְהוֹנָתָ֑ן	יְהוֹנָתָן	PROPN	_	10 יָרָ֖ה	nsubj	Jonathan
12	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	13 יִּקְרָ֨א	cc	and
13	יִּקְרָ֨א	קָרָא	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יָּבֹ֤א	conj	he called out
14	יְהוֹנָתָ֜ן	יְהוֹנָתָן	PROPN	_	13 יִּקְרָ֨א	nsubj	Jonathan
15	אַחֲרֵ֤י	אַחַר	ADP	_	17 נַּ֙עַר֙	case	after
16	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	17 נַּ֙עַר֙	det	the
17	נַּ֙עַר֙	נַעַר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	13 יִּקְרָ֨א	obl	lad
18	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	19 יֹּ֔אמֶר	cc	and
19	יֹּ֔אמֶר	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יָּבֹ֤א	conj	he said
20	הֲ	הֲ	PART	_	21 ל֥וֹא	advmod	?
21	ל֥וֹא	לֹא	ADV	_	19 יֹּ֔אמֶר	ccomp	not
22	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	23 חֵ֖צִי	det	[is] the
23	חֵ֖צִי	חֵצִי	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	21 ל֥וֹא	nsubj	arrow
24	מִמּ	מִן	ADP	_	25 ְךָ֥	case	from
25	ְךָ֥	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs	21 ל֥וֹא	obl	you
26	וָ	וְ	CCONJ	_	27 הָֽלְאָה	cc	and
27	הָֽלְאָה	הָלְאָה	ADV	_	25 ְךָ֥	advmod	beyond
28	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	27 הָֽלְאָה	punct

Pragmatics

form: yes/no question
act: ask
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: yes
the frame alone: decl · narrate · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)
יָּבֹא he came	wayyiqtol · qal	נַּעַר lad
יָרָה he had shot	qatal · qal	יְהוֹנָתָן Jonathan
יִּקְרָא he called out	wayyiqtol · qal	יְהוֹנָתָן Jonathan
not יֹּאמֶר he said	wayyiqtol · qal	יְהוֹנָתָן Jonathan

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וַאֲתָא עוּלֵימָא עַד אֲתַר גִירָא דִי שְׁדָא יְהוֹנָתָן וּקְרָא יְהוֹנָתָן בָּתַר עוּלֵימָא וַאֲמַר הֲלָא גִירָא מִנָךְ וּלְהָלָא:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And when the lad was come to the place of the arrow which Jonathan had shot, Jonathan cried after the lad, and said: 'Is not the arrow beyond thee?'

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:1SA:554.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.20.37/