1 Samuel 25:23 שְׁמוּאֵל א

Who acts: Abigail · What happens: see, make, alight, fall, bow down · To what, where: David, haste, ass, face

This is 1 Samuel 25:23 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Abigail — and what happens in the verse to David, haste, ass, face, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַתֵּ֤רֶא אֲבִיגַ֙יִל֙ אֶת־דָּוִ֔ד וַתְּמַהֵ֕ר וַתֵּ֖רֶד מֵעַ֣ל הַחֲמ֑וֹר וַתִּפֹּ֞ל לְאַפֵּ֤י דָוִד֙ עַל־פָּנֶ֔יהָ וַתִּשְׁתַּ֖חוּ אָֽרֶץ׃

And when Abigail saw David, she made haste, and alighted from her ass, and fell before David on her face, and bowed down to the ground.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 תֵּ֤רֶא	cc	and
2	תֵּ֤רֶא	רָאָה	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	she saw
3	אֲבִיגַ֙יִל֙	אֲבִיגַיִל	PROPN	_	2 תֵּ֤רֶא	nsubj	Abigail
4	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	5 דָּוִ֔ד	case	(et)
5	דָּוִ֔ד	דָּוִד	PROPN	_	2 תֵּ֤רֶא	obj	David
6	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	7 תְּמַהֵ֕ר	cc	and
7	תְּמַהֵ֕ר	מָהַר	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Sing Person=3	2 תֵּ֤רֶא	conj	she made haste
8	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	9 תֵּ֖רֶד	cc	and
9	תֵּ֖רֶד	יָרַד	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 תֵּ֤רֶא	conj	she came down
10	מֵ	מִן	ADP	_	13 חֲמ֑וֹר	case	from
11	עַ֣ל	עַל	ADP	_	13 חֲמ֑וֹר	case	on
12	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	13 חֲמ֑וֹר	det	the
13	חֲמ֑וֹר	חֲמוֹר	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 תֵּ֖רֶד	obl	donkey
14	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	15 תִּפֹּ֞ל	cc	and
15	תִּפֹּ֞ל	נָפַל	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 תֵּ֤רֶא	conj	she fell
16	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	17 אַפֵּ֤י	case	to
17	אַפֵּ֤י	אַף	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Dual	15 תִּפֹּ֞ל	obl	the face
18	דָוִד֙	דָּוִד	PROPN	_	17 אַפֵּ֤י	compound:smixut	of David
19	עַל־	עַל	ADP	_	20 פָּנֶ֔י	case	on
20	פָּנֶ֔י	פָּנֶה	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 תִּפֹּ֞ל	obl	face
21	הָ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	20 פָּנֶ֔י	nmod:poss	her
22	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	23 תִּשְׁתַּ֖חוּ	cc	and
23	תִּשְׁתַּ֖חוּ	חוה	VERB	Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3	2 תֵּ֤רֶא	conj	she bowed down
24	אָֽרֶץ	אֶרֶץ	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 תִּשְׁתַּ֖חוּ	obl	[the] ground
25	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	24 אָֽרֶץ	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
תֵּרֶא she saw	wayyiqtol · qal	אֲבִיגַיִל Abigail	דָּוִד David
תְּמַהֵר she made haste	wayyiqtol · piel	אֲבִיגַיִל Abigail
תֵּרֶד she came down	wayyiqtol · qal	אֲבִיגַיִל Abigail
תִּפֹּל she fell	wayyiqtol · qal	אֲבִיגַיִל Abigail
תִּשְׁתַּחוּ she bowed down	wayyiqtol	אֲבִיגַיִל Abigail

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וַחֲזַת אֲבִיגַיל יַת דָוִד וְאוֹחִיאַת וְאִתְרְכִינַת מֵעַל חַמָרָא וּנְפַלַת לְאַפֵּי דָוִד עַל אַפָּהָא וּסְגִידַת עַל אַרְעָא:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And when Abigail saw David, she made haste, and alighted from her ass, and fell before David on her face, and bowed down to the ground.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:1SA:672.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.25.23/