1 Samuel 27:9 שְׁמוּאֵל א

Who acts: David · What happens: smite, leave, take away, return, come · To what, where: land, man, sheep, Achish

This is 1 Samuel 27:9 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — David — and what happens in the verse to land, man, sheep, Achish, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וְהִכָּ֤ה דָוִד֙ אֶת־הָאָ֔רֶץ וְלֹ֥א יְחַיֶּ֖ה אִ֣ישׁ וְאִשָּׁ֑ה וְלָקַח֩ צֹ֨אן וּבָקָ֜ר וַחֲמֹרִ֤ים וּגְמַלִּים֙ וּבְגָדִ֔ים וַיָּ֖שָׁב וַיָּבֹ֥א אֶל־אָכִֽישׁ׃

And David smote the land, and left neither man nor woman alive, and took away the sheep, and the oxen, and the asses, and the camels, and the apparel. And he returned, and came to Achish.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 הִכָּ֤ה	cc	and
2	הִכָּ֤ה	נָכָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he attacked
3	דָוִד֙	דָּוִד	PROPN	_	2 הִכָּ֤ה	nsubj	David
4	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	6 אָ֔רֶץ	case	(et)
5	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	6 אָ֔רֶץ	det	the
6	אָ֔רֶץ	אֶרֶץ	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 הִכָּ֤ה	obj	land
7	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	9 יְחַיֶּ֖ה	cc	and
8	לֹ֥א	לֹא	ADV	_	9 יְחַיֶּ֖ה	advmod	not
9	יְחַיֶּ֖ה	חָיָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Sing Person=3	2 הִכָּ֤ה	conj	he let live
10	אִ֣ישׁ	אִישׁ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	9 יְחַיֶּ֖ה	obj	a man
11	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	12 אִשָּׁ֑ה	cc	and
12	אִשָּׁ֑ה	אִשָּׁה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	10 אִ֣ישׁ	conj	a woman
13	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	14 לָקַח֩	cc	and
14	לָקַח֩	לָקַח	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 הִכָּ֤ה	conj	he took
15	צֹ֨אן	צֹאן	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 לָקַח֩	obj	sheep
16	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	17 בָקָ֜ר	cc	and
17	בָקָ֜ר	בָּקָר	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 צֹ֨אן	conj	cattle
18	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	19 חֲמֹרִ֤ים	cc	and
19	חֲמֹרִ֤ים	חֲמוֹר	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 צֹ֨אן	conj	donkeys
20	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	21 גְמַלִּים֙	cc	and
21	גְמַלִּים֙	גָּמָל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	15 צֹ֨אן	conj	camels
22	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	23 בְגָדִ֔ים	cc	and
23	בְגָדִ֔ים	בֶּגֶד	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	15 צֹ֨אן	conj	clothes
24	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	25 יָּ֖שָׁב	cc	and
25	יָּ֖שָׁב	שׁוּב	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 הִכָּ֤ה	conj	he returned
26	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	27 יָּבֹ֥א	cc	and
27	יָּבֹ֥א	בּוֹא	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 הִכָּ֤ה	conj	he went
28	אֶל־	אֶל	ADP	_	29 אָכִֽישׁ	case	to
29	אָכִֽישׁ	אָכִישׁ	PROPN	_	27 יָּבֹ֥א	obl	Achish
30	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	29 אָכִֽישׁ	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: yes

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)	who makes it happen (AA)
הִכָּה he attacked	qatal · hiphil	אָרֶץ land		דָוִד David
not יְחַיֶּה he let live	yiqtol · piel	דָוִד David	אִישׁ a man + אִשָּׁה a woman
לָקַח he took	qatal · qal	דָוִד David	צֹאן sheep + בָקָר cattle + חֲמֹרִים donkeys + גְמַלִּים camels + בְגָדִים clothes
יָּשָׁב he returned	wayyiqtol · qal	דָוִד David
יָּבֹא he went	wayyiqtol · qal	דָוִד David

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וּמְחֵי דָוִד יַת יַתְבֵי אַרְעָא וְלָא מְקַיֵם גְבַר וְאִתָּא וּשְׁבָא עָאן וְתוֹרִין וַחֲמָרִין וְגַמְלִין וּנְסִיב לְבוּשִׁין וְתָאִיב וְאָתֵי לְוַת אָכִישׁ:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:1SA:727.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.27.9/