2 Kings 12:18 מְלָכִים ב

Who acts: Hazael king, Hazael · What happens: go up, fight, take, set · To what, where: house, face, Jerusalem

This is 2 Kings 12:18 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Hazael king, Hazael — and what happens in the verse to house, face, Jerusalem, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 25 chapters of 2 Kings on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

אָ֣ז יַעֲלֶ֗ה חֲזָאֵל֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ אֲרָ֔ם וַיִּלָּ֥חֶם עַל־גַּ֖ת וַֽיִּלְכְּדָ֑הּ וַיָּ֤שֶׂם חֲזָאֵל֙ פָּנָ֔יו לַעֲל֖וֹת עַל־יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם׃

Then Hazael king of Aram went up, and fought against Gath, and took it; and Hazael set his face to go up to Jerusalem.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	אָ֣ז	אָז	ADV	_	2 יַעֲלֶ֗ה	advmod	then
2	יַעֲלֶ֗ה	עָלָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he went up
3	חֲזָאֵל֙	חֲזָאֵל	PROPN	_	2 יַעֲלֶ֗ה	nsubj	Hazael
4	מֶ֣לֶךְ	מֶלֶךְ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	3 חֲזָאֵל֙	appos	the king
5	אֲרָ֔ם	אֲרָם	PROPN	_	4 מֶ֣לֶךְ	compound:smixut	of Aram
6	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	7 יִּלָּ֥חֶם	cc	and
7	יִּלָּ֥חֶם	לָחַם	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יַעֲלֶ֗ה	conj	he fought
8	עַל־	עַל	ADP	_	9 גַּ֖ת	case	on
9	גַּ֖ת	גַּת	PROPN	_	7 יִּלָּ֥חֶם	obl	Gath
10	וַֽ	וְ	CCONJ	_	11 יִּלְכְּד	cc	and
11	יִּלְכְּד	לָכַד	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יַעֲלֶ֗ה	conj	he
12	ָ֑הּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 יִּלְכְּד	obj	captured it
13	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	14 יָּ֤שֶׂם	cc	and
14	יָּ֤שֶׂם	שׂים	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יַעֲלֶ֗ה	conj	he set
15	חֲזָאֵל֙	חֲזָאֵל	PROPN	_	14 יָּ֤שֶׂם	nsubj	Hazael
16	פָּנָ֔י	פָּנֶה	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 יָּ֤שֶׂם	obj	face
17	ו	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	16 פָּנָ֔י	nmod:poss	his
18	לַ	לְ	ADP	_	19 עֲל֖וֹת	case	to
19	עֲל֖וֹת	עָלָה	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	14 יָּ֤שֶׂם	advcl	go up
20	עַל־	עַל	ADP	_	21 יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם	case	on
21	יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם	יְרוּשָׁלִַ͏ם	PROPN	_	19 עֲל֖וֹת	obl	Jerusalem
22	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	21 יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
יַעֲלֶה he went up	yiqtol · qal	חֲזָאֵל Hazael
יִּלָּחֶם he fought	wayyiqtol · niphal	חֲזָאֵל Hazael
יִּלְכְּד he	wayyiqtol · qal	חֲזָאֵל Hazael	ָהּ captured it
יָּשֶׂם he set	wayyiqtol · qal	חֲזָאֵל Hazael	פָּנָי face
עֲלוֹת go up	infinitive construct · qal	חֲזָאֵל Hazael

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

בְּכֵן סְלִיק חֲזָאֵל מַלְכָּא דַאֲרָם וְאַגִיחַ קְרָבָא עַל גַת וּכַבְשָׁהּ וְשַׁוִי חֲזָאֵל אַפּוֹהִי לְמִיסַק לִירוּשְׁלֵם:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Then Hazael king of Aram went up, and fought against Gath, and took it; and Hazael set his face to go up to Jerusalem.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:2KI:333.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.12.18/