2 Kings 3:12 מְלָכִים ב
Who acts: Jehoshaphat, word, king · What happens: say, be, go down, word · To what, where: Jehoshaphat, LORD · Speech: someone speaks in this verse
This is 2 Kings 3:12 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Jehoshaphat, word, king — and what happens in the verse to Jehoshaphat, LORD, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 25 chapters of 2 Kings on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.
וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ יְה֣וֹשָׁפָ֔ט יֵ֥שׁ אוֹת֖וֹ דְּבַר־יְהוָ֑ה וַיֵּרְד֣וּ אֵלָ֗יו מֶ֧לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל וִיהוֹשָׁפָ֖ט וּמֶ֥לֶךְ אֱדֽוֹם׃
The tree
Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation | gloss |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | וַ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 2 יֹּ֙אמֶר֙ | cc | and |
| 2 | יֹּ֙אמֶר֙ | אָמַר | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3 | root | root | he said |
| 3 | יְה֣וֹשָׁפָ֔ט | יְהוֹשָׁפָט | PROPN | _ | 2 יֹּ֙אמֶר֙ | nsubj | Jehoshaphat |
| 4 | יֵ֥שׁ | יֵשׁ | ADV | _ | 6 ֖וֹ | advmod | (there) |
| 5 | אוֹת | אֵת | ADP | _ | 6 ֖וֹ | case | [is] (et) |
| 6 | ֖וֹ | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 יֹּ֙אמֶר֙ | ccomp | him |
| 7 | דְּבַר־ | דָּבָר | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 6 ֖וֹ | nsubj | the word |
| 8 | יְהוָ֑ה | יהוה | PROPN | _ | 7 דְּבַר־ | compound:smixut | of Yahweh |
| 9 | וַ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 10 יֵּרְד֣וּ | cc | and |
| 10 | יֵּרְד֣וּ | יָרַד | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3 | 2 יֹּ֙אמֶר֙ | conj | they went down |
| 11 | אֵלָ֗י | אֶל | ADP | _ | 12 ו | case | to |
| 12 | ו | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 יֵּרְד֣וּ | obl | him |
| 13 | מֶ֧לֶךְ | מֶלֶךְ | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 10 יֵּרְד֣וּ | nsubj | the king |
| 14 | יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל | יִשְׂרָאֵל | PROPN | _ | 13 מֶ֧לֶךְ | compound:smixut | of Israel |
| 15 | וִ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 16 יהוֹשָׁפָ֖ט | cc | and |
| 16 | יהוֹשָׁפָ֖ט | יְהוֹשָׁפָט | PROPN | _ | 13 מֶ֧לֶךְ | conj | Jehoshaphat |
| 17 | וּ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 18 מֶ֥לֶךְ | cc | and |
| 18 | מֶ֥לֶךְ | מֶלֶךְ | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 13 מֶ֧לֶךְ | conj | the king |
| 19 | אֱדֽוֹם | אֱדוֹם | PROPN | _ | 18 מֶ֥לֶךְ | compound:smixut | of Edom |
| 20 | ׃ | ׃ | PUNCT | _ | 19 אֱדֽוֹם | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- character
- speech
- a frame and its quote
- negation
- no
- the frame alone
- decl · narrate · none
| verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| יֹּאמֶר he said | wayyiqtol · qal | יְהוֹשָׁפָט Jehoshaphat | |||
| יֵּרְדוּ they went down | wayyiqtol · qal | מֶלֶךְ the king + יהוֹשָׁפָט Jehoshaphat + מֶלֶךְ the king |
MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.
Targum Jonathan
וַאֲמַר יְהוֹשָׁפָט אִית עִמֵיהּ פִּתְגָמָא דַייָ וּנְחָתוּ לְוָתֵיהּ מַלְכָּא דְיִשְׂרָאֵל וִיהוֹשָׁפָט וּמַלְכָּא דֶאֱדוֹם:
The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.
English, JPS 1917
Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.
Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.
English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).
Hebrew sentence wlc:2KI:54.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.3.12/