2 Kings 9:17 מְלָכִים ב

Who acts: watchman, I, Joram, horseman · What happens: stand, spy, come, say, see, take · To what, where: tower, company, horseman, loins, Joram, peace · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is 2 Kings 9:17 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — watchman, I, Joram, horseman — and what happens in the verse to tower, company, horseman, loins, Joram, peace, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 25 chapters of 2 Kings on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וְהַצֹּפֶה֩ עֹמֵ֨ד עַֽל־הַמִּגְדָּ֜ל בְּיִזְרְעֶ֗אל וַיַּ֞רְא אֶת־שִׁפְעַ֤ת יֵהוּא֙ בְּבֹא֔וֹ וַיֹּ֕אמֶר שִׁפְעַ֖ת אֲנִ֣י רֹאֶ֑ה וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוֹרָ֗ם קַ֥ח רַכָּ֛ב וּֽשְׁלַ֥ח לִקְרָאתָ֖ם וְיֹאמַ֥ר הֲשָׁלֽוֹם׃

Now the watchman stood on the tower in Jezreel, and he spied the company of Jehu as he came, and said: 'I see a company.' And Joram said: 'Take a horseman, and send to meet them, and let him say: Is it peace?'

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	4 עֹמֵ֨ד	cc	and
2	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	3 צֹּפֶה֩	det	the
3	צֹּפֶה֩	צָפָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing	4 עֹמֵ֨ד	nsubj	watchman
4	עֹמֵ֨ד	עָמַד	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing	root	root	[was] standing
5	עַֽל־	עַל	ADP	_	7 מִּגְדָּ֜ל	case	on
6	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	7 מִּגְדָּ֜ל	det	the
7	מִּגְדָּ֜ל	מִגְדָּל	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 עֹמֵ֨ד	obl	tower
8	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	9 יִזְרְעֶ֗אל	case	in
9	יִזְרְעֶ֗אל	יִזְרְעֶאל	PROPN	_	4 עֹמֵ֨ד	obl	Jezreel
10	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	11 יַּ֞רְא	cc	and
11	יַּ֞רְא	רָאָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	4 עֹמֵ֨ד	conj	he saw
12	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	13 שִׁפְעַ֤ת	case	(et)
13	שִׁפְעַ֤ת	שִׁפְעָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	11 יַּ֞רְא	obj	the crowd
14	יֵהוּא֙	יֵהוּא	PROPN	_	13 שִׁפְעַ֤ת	compound:smixut	of Jehu
15	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	16 בֹא	case	when
16	בֹא	בּוֹא	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	11 יַּ֞רְא	advcl	came
17	֔וֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	16 בֹא	nsubj	he
18	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	19 יֹּ֕אמֶר	cc	and
19	יֹּ֕אמֶר	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	4 עֹמֵ֨ד	conj	he said
20	שִׁפְעַ֖ת	שִׁפְעָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	22 רֹאֶ֑ה	obj	a crowd
21	אֲנִ֣י	אֲנִי	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	22 רֹאֶ֑ה	nsubj	I
22	רֹאֶ֑ה	רָאָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing	19 יֹּ֕אמֶר	ccomp	[am] seeing
23	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	24 יֹּ֣אמֶר	cc	and
24	יֹּ֣אמֶר	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	4 עֹמֵ֨ד	conj	he said
25	יְהוֹרָ֗ם	יְהוֹרָם	PROPN	_	24 יֹּ֣אמֶר	nsubj	Jehoram
26	קַ֥ח	לָקַח	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=2	24 יֹּ֣אמֶר	ccomp	take
27	רַכָּ֛ב	רַכָּב	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	26 קַ֥ח	obj	a horseman
28	וּֽ	וְ	CCONJ	_	29 שְׁלַ֥ח	cc	and
29	שְׁלַ֥ח	שָׁלַח	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=2	26 קַ֥ח	conj	send [him]
30	לִ	לְ	ADP	_	31 קְרָאת	case	to
31	קְרָאת	קרא	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	29 שְׁלַ֥ח	advcl	meet
32	ָ֖ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	31 קְרָאת	obj	them
33	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	34 יֹאמַ֥ר	cc	and
34	יֹאמַ֥ר	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	26 קַ֥ח	conj	he will say
35	הֲ	הֲ	PART	_	36 שָׁלֽוֹם	advmod	?
36	שָׁלֽוֹם	שָׁלוֹם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	34 יֹאמַ֥ר	ccomp	peace
37	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	36 שָׁלֽוֹם	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: no
the frame alone: decl · assert · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
עֹמֵד [was] standing	participle active · qal	צֹּפֶה watchman
יַּרְא he saw	wayyiqtol · qal	צֹּפֶה watchman	שִׁפְעַת the crowd
בֹא came	infinitive construct · qal	וֹ he
יֹּאמֶר he said	wayyiqtol · qal	צֹּפֶה watchman
רֹאֶה [am] seeing	participle active · qal	אֲנִי I	שִׁפְעַת a crowd
יֹּאמֶר he said	wayyiqtol · qal	יְהוֹרָם Jehoram
קַח take	imperative · qal		רַכָּב a horseman
שְׁלַח send [him]	imperative · qal		רַכָּב a horseman
קְרָאת meet	infinitive construct · qal	רַכָּב a horseman	ָם them
יֹאמַר he will say	yiqtol · qal	רַכָּב a horseman

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וְסַכְוָאָה קָאִים עַל מִגְדְלָא בְּיִזְרְעֶאל וַחֲזָא יַת מַשִׁרְיַת יֵהוּא בְּמֵיתוֹהִי וַאֲמַר מַשִׁרְיַת אֲנָא חָזֵי וַאֲמַר יְהוֹרָם דְבַר רַכָּבָא וּשְׁלַח לִקְדָמוּתְהוֹן וְיֵימַר הַשְׁלָם:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Now the watchman stood on the tower in Jezreel, and he spied the company of Jehu as he came, and said: 'I see a company.' And Joram said: 'Take a horseman, and send to meet them, and let him say: Is it peace?'

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:2KI:239.

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