2 Samuel 1:22 שְׁמוּאֵל ב
Who acts: bow, sword · What happens: not turn back, return · To what, where: blood
This is 2 Samuel 1:22 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — bow, sword — and what happens in the verse to blood, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.
מִדַּ֣ם חֲלָלִ֗ים מֵחֵ֙לֶב֙ גִּבּוֹרִ֔ים קֶ֚שֶׁת יְה֣וֹנָתָ֔ן לֹ֥א נָשׂ֖וֹג אָח֑וֹר וְחֶ֣רֶב שָׁא֔וּל לֹ֥א תָשׁ֖וּב רֵיקָֽם׃
The tree
Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation | gloss |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | מִ | מִן | ADP | _ | 2 דַּ֣ם | case | from [the] |
| 2 | דַּ֣ם | דָּם | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 10 נָשׂ֖וֹג | obl | blood |
| 3 | חֲלָלִ֗ים | חָלָל | ADJ | Gender=Masc Number=Plur | 2 דַּ֣ם | compound:smixut | of [those] slain |
| 4 | מֵ | מִן | ADP | _ | 5 חֵ֙לֶב֙ | case | from [the] |
| 5 | חֵ֙לֶב֙ | חֵלֶב | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 2 דַּ֣ם | conj | fat |
| 6 | גִּבּוֹרִ֔ים | גִּבּוֹר | ADJ | Gender=Masc Number=Plur | 5 חֵ֙לֶב֙ | compound:smixut | of [the] mighty [ones] |
| 7 | קֶ֚שֶׁת | קֶשֶׁת | NOUN | Gender=Fem Number=Sing | 10 נָשׂ֖וֹג | nsubj | the bow |
| 8 | יְה֣וֹנָתָ֔ן | יְהוֹנָתָן | PROPN | _ | 7 קֶ֚שֶׁת | compound:smixut | of Jonathan |
| 9 | לֹ֥א | לֹא | ADV | _ | 10 נָשׂ֖וֹג | advmod | not |
| 10 | נָשׂ֖וֹג | סוג | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Sing Person=3 | root | root | it turned back |
| 11 | אָח֑וֹר | אָחוֹר | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 10 נָשׂ֖וֹג | obl | backwards |
| 12 | וְ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 16 תָשׁ֖וּב | cc | and |
| 13 | חֶ֣רֶב | חֶרֶב | NOUN | Gender=Fem Number=Sing | 16 תָשׁ֖וּב | nsubj | the sword |
| 14 | שָׁא֔וּל | שָׁאוּל | PROPN | _ | 13 חֶ֣רֶב | compound:smixut | of Saul |
| 15 | לֹ֥א | לֹא | ADV | _ | 16 תָשׁ֖וּב | advmod | not |
| 16 | תָשׁ֖וּב | שׁוּב | VERB | Gender=Fem HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3 | 10 נָשׂ֖וֹג | conj | it returned |
| 17 | רֵיקָֽם | רֵיקָם | ADV | _ | 16 תָשׁ֖וּב | advmod | empty |
| 18 | ׃ | ׃ | PUNCT | _ | 17 רֵיקָֽם | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- speech
- narration
- negation
- yes
| verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| not נָשׂוֹג it turned back | qatal · niphal | קֶשֶׁת the bow | |||
| not תָשׁוּב it returned | yiqtol · qal | חֶרֶב the sword |
MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.
Targum Jonathan
מִדַם קְטִילִין מִתְּרַב גִבָּרִין גִירֵי קַשְׁתָּא דִיהוֹנָתָן לָא מְסַתַּחֲרִין לַאֲחוֹרָא וְחַרְבָּא דְשָׁאוּל לָא תַיְבָא רֵיקָן:
The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.
English, JPS 1917
Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.
Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.
English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).
Hebrew sentence wlc:2SA:21.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.1.22/