2 Samuel 1:23 שְׁמוּאֵל ב
Who acts: shield · What happens: not divide, be, die · To what, where: Saul, death
This is 2 Samuel 1:23 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — shield — and what happens in the verse to Saul, death, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.
שָׁא֣וּל וִיהוֹנָתָ֗ן הַנֶּאֱהָבִ֤ים וְהַנְּעִימִם֙ בְּחַיֵּיהֶ֔ם וּבְמוֹתָ֖ם לֹ֣א נִפְרָ֑דוּ מִנְּשָׁרִ֣ים קַ֔לּוּ מֵאֲרָי֖וֹת גָּבֵֽרוּ׃
The tree
Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation | gloss |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | שָׁא֣וּל | שָׁאוּל | PROPN | _ | 5 נֶּאֱהָבִ֤ים | nsubj | Saul |
| 2 | וִ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 3 יהוֹנָתָ֗ן | cc | and |
| 3 | יהוֹנָתָ֗ן | יְהוֹנָתָן | PROPN | _ | 1 שָׁא֣וּל | conj | Jonathan |
| 4 | הַ | הַ | SCONJ | _ | 5 נֶּאֱהָבִ֤ים | mark | (the) |
| 5 | נֶּאֱהָבִ֤ים | אָהֵב | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Plur | root | root | lovable |
| 6 | וְ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 8 נְּעִימִם֙ | cc | and |
| 7 | הַ | הַ | DET | PronType=Art | 8 נְּעִימִם֙ | det | (the) |
| 8 | נְּעִימִם֙ | נָעִים | ADJ | Gender=Masc Number=Plur | 5 נֶּאֱהָבִ֤ים | conj | pleasant |
| 9 | בְּ | בְּ | ADP | _ | 10 חַיֵּי | case | in |
| 10 | חַיֵּי | חַיִּים | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Plur | 5 נֶּאֱהָבִ֤ים | obl | lives |
| 11 | הֶ֔ם | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 חַיֵּי | nmod:poss | their |
| 12 | וּ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 17 נִפְרָ֑דוּ | cc | and |
| 13 | בְ | בְּ | ADP | _ | 14 מוֹת | case | in |
| 14 | מוֹת | מָוֶת | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 17 נִפְרָ֑דוּ | obl | death |
| 15 | ָ֖ם | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 14 מוֹת | nmod:poss | their |
| 16 | לֹ֣א | לֹא | ADV | _ | 17 נִפְרָ֑דוּ | advmod | not |
| 17 | נִפְרָ֑דוּ | פָּרַד | VERB | Gender=Com HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Plur Person=3 | 5 נֶּאֱהָבִ֤ים | conj | they were separated |
| 18 | מִ | מִן | ADP | _ | 19 נְּשָׁרִ֣ים | case | more |
| 19 | נְּשָׁרִ֣ים | נֶשֶׁר | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Plur | 20 קַ֔לּוּ | obl | than eagles |
| 20 | קַ֔לּוּ | קָלַל | VERB | Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3 | 5 נֶּאֱהָבִ֤ים | parataxis | they were swift |
| 21 | מֵ | מִן | ADP | _ | 22 אֲרָי֖וֹת | case | more |
| 22 | אֲרָי֖וֹת | אֲרִי | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Plur | 23 גָּבֵֽרוּ | obl | than lions |
| 23 | גָּבֵֽרוּ | גָּבַר | VERB | Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3 | 5 נֶּאֱהָבִ֤ים | parataxis | they were strong |
| 24 | ׃ | ׃ | PUNCT | _ | 23 גָּבֵֽרוּ | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- speech
- narration
- negation
- yes
| verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| נֶּאֱהָבִים lovable | participle active · niphal | שָׁאוּל Saul + יהוֹנָתָן Jonathan | |||
| not נִפְרָדוּ they were separated | qatal · niphal | שָׁאוּל Saul + יהוֹנָתָן Jonathan | |||
| קַלּוּ they were swift | qatal · qal | שָׁאוּל Saul + יהוֹנָתָן Jonathan | |||
| גָּבֵֽרוּ they were strong | qatal · qal | שָׁאוּל Saul + יהוֹנָתָן Jonathan |
MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.
Targum Jonathan
שָׁאוּל וִיהוֹנָתָן דִרְחִימִין וַחֲבִיבִין בְּחַיֵיהוֹן וּבְמוֹתְהוֹן לָא אִתְפָּרָשׁוּ מֵעִמְהוֹן מִנִשְׁרַיָא קַלִילִין מֵאַרְיְוָתָא גִבָּרִין:
The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.
English, JPS 1917
Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.
Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.
English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).
Hebrew sentence wlc:2SA:22.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.1.23/