2 Samuel 10:6 שְׁמוּאֵל ב

Who acts: children · What happens: see, become, send, hire · To what, where: Arameans · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is 2 Samuel 10:6 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — children — and what happens in the verse to Arameans, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיִּרְאוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י עַמּ֔וֹן כִּ֥י נִבְאֲשׁ֖וּ בְּדָוִ֑ד וַיִּשְׁלְח֣וּ בְנֵֽי־עַמּ֡וֹן וַיִּשְׂכְּרוּ֩ אֶת־אֲרַ֨מ בֵּית־רְח֜וֹב אֲרַ֨מ בֵּית־רְח֜וֹבאֲרַ֨מ בֵּית־רְח֜וֹב וְאֶת־אֲרַ֣מ צוֹבָ֗א אֲרַ֣מ צוֹבָ֗א עֶשְׂרִ֥ים אֶ֙לֶף֙ רַגְלִ֔י וְאֶת־מֶ֤לֶךְ מַֽעֲכָה֙ אֶ֣לֶף אִ֔ישׁ וְאִ֣ישׁ ט֔וֹב שְׁנֵים־עָשָׂ֥ר אֶ֖לֶף אִֽישׁ׃

And when the children of Ammon saw that they were become odious to David, the children of Ammon sent and hired the Arameans of Beth-rehob, and the Arameans of Zobah, twenty thousand footmen, and the king of Maacah with a thousand men, and the men of Tob twelve thousand men.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יִּרְאוּ֙	cc	and
2	יִּרְאוּ֙	רָאָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	root	root	they saw
3	בְּנֵ֣י	בֵּן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	2 יִּרְאוּ֙	nsubj	the people
4	עַמּ֔וֹן	עַמּוֹן	PROPN	_	3 בְּנֵ֣י	compound:smixut	of Ammon
5	כִּ֥י	כִּי	SCONJ	_	6 נִבְאֲשׁ֖וּ	mark	(dm) that
6	נִבְאֲשׁ֖וּ	בָּאַשׁ	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Plur Person=3	2 יִּרְאוּ֙	ccomp	they had made themselves odious
7	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	8 דָוִ֑ד	case	with
8	דָוִ֑ד	דָּוִד	PROPN	_	6 נִבְאֲשׁ֖וּ	obl	David
9	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	10 יִּשְׁלְח֣וּ	cc	and
10	יִּשְׁלְח֣וּ	שָׁלַח	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	2 יִּרְאוּ֙	conj	they sent
11	בְנֵֽי־	בֵּן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	10 יִּשְׁלְח֣וּ	nsubj	the people
12	עַמּ֡וֹן	עַמּוֹן	PROPN	_	11 בְנֵֽי־	compound:smixut	of Ammon
13	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	14 יִּשְׂכְּרוּ֩	cc	and
14	יִּשְׂכְּרוּ֩	שָׂכַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	2 יִּרְאוּ֙	conj	they hired
15	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	16 אֲרַ֨מ	case	(et)
16	אֲרַ֨מ	אֲרָם	PROPN	_	14 יִּשְׂכְּרוּ֩	obj	Aram
17	בֵּית־רְח֜וֹב	_	PROPN	_	16 אֲרַ֨מ	flat:name
18	אֲרַ֨מ	בֵּית	PROPN	_	16 אֲרַ֨מ	nmod	Beth
19	בֵּית־רְח֜וֹב	רְחֹוב	PROPN	_	18 אֲרַ֨מ	flat:name
20	אֲרַ֨מ	בֵּיתרְחוֹב	PROPN	_	16 אֲרַ֨מ	nmod	Rehob
21	בֵּית־רְח֜וֹב	_	PROPN	_	20 אֲרַ֨מ	flat:name
22	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	24 אֲרַ֣מ	cc	and
23	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	24 אֲרַ֣מ	case	(et)
24	אֲרַ֣מ	אֲרָם	PROPN	_	16 אֲרַ֨מ	conj	Aram
25	צוֹבָ֗א	_	PROPN	_	24 אֲרַ֣מ	flat:name
26	אֲרַ֣מ	צוֹבָא	PROPN	_	24 אֲרַ֣מ	nmod	Zobah
27	צוֹבָ֗א	_	PROPN	_	26 אֲרַ֣מ	flat:name
28	עֶשְׂרִ֥ים	עֶשְׂרִים	NUM	Number=Plur	30 רַגְלִ֔י	nummod	twenty
29	אֶ֙לֶף֙	אֶלֶף	NUM	Number=Sing	28 עֶשְׂרִ֥ים	flat	thousand
30	רַגְלִ֔י	רַגְלִי	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	16 אֲרַ֨מ	appos	foot soldier[s]
31	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	33 מֶ֤לֶךְ	cc	and
32	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	33 מֶ֤לֶךְ	case	(et)
33	מֶ֤לֶךְ	מֶלֶךְ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	16 אֲרַ֨מ	conj	the king
34	מַֽעֲכָה֙	מַעֲכָה	PROPN	_	33 מֶ֤לֶךְ	compound:smixut	of Maacah
35	אֶ֣לֶף	אֶלֶף	NUM	Number=Sing	36 אִ֔ישׁ	nummod	one thousand
36	אִ֔ישׁ	אִישׁ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	33 מֶ֤לֶךְ	conj	man
37	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	38 אִ֣ישׁ	cc	and
38	אִ֣ישׁ	אִישׁ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	16 אֲרַ֨מ	conj	the man
39	ט֔וֹב	טוֹב	PROPN	_	38 אִ֣ישׁ	compound:smixut	of Tob
40	שְׁנֵים־	שְׁנַיִם	NUM	Gender=Masc Number=Dual	43 אִֽישׁ	nummod	two plus
41	עָשָׂ֥ר	עָשָׂר	NUM	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	40 שְׁנֵים־	flat	ten
42	אֶ֖לֶף	אֶלֶף	NUM	Number=Sing	40 שְׁנֵים־	flat	thousand
43	אִֽישׁ	אִישׁ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	38 אִ֣ישׁ	appos	man
44	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	43 אִֽישׁ	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
יִּרְאוּ they saw	wayyiqtol · qal	בְּנֵי the people	נִבְאֲשׁוּ they had made themselves odious
נִבְאֲשׁוּ they had made themselves odious	qatal · niphal	בְּנֵי the people
יִּשְׁלְחוּ they sent	wayyiqtol · qal	בְנֵֽי־ the people
יִּשְׂכְּרוּ they hired	wayyiqtol · qal	בְנֵֽי־ the people	אֲרַמ Aram + אֲרַמ Rehob + אֶלֶף thousand + מֶלֶךְ the king

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וַחֲזוֹ בְנֵי עַמוֹן אֲרֵי אִתְגָרִיאוּ בְדָוִד וּשְׁלַחוּ בְנֵי עַמוֹן וַאֲגָרוּ יַת אֲרַם בֵּית רְחוֹב וְיַת אֲרַם צוֹבָא עַסְרִין אַלְפִין גְבַר רִגְלֵי וְיַת מֶלֶךְ מַעֲכָה אֲלַף גְבַר וְאִישׁ טוֹב תְּרֵי עֲסַר אַלְפִין גַבְרָא:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And when the children of Ammon saw that they were become odious to David, the children of Ammon sent and hired the Arameans of Beth-rehob, and the Arameans of Zobah, twenty thousand footmen, and the king of Maacah with a thousand men, and the men of Tob twelve thousand men.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:2SA:223.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.10.6/