2 Samuel 10:9 שְׁמוּאֵל ב

Who acts: Joab · What happens: see, set, choose, put · To what, where: battle, men, array · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is 2 Samuel 10:9 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Joab — and what happens in the verse to battle, men, array, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיַּ֣רְא יוֹאָ֗ב כִּֽי־הָיְתָ֤ה אֵלָיו֙ פְּנֵ֣י הַמִּלְחָמָ֔ה מִפָּנִ֖ים וּמֵֽאָח֑וֹר וַיִּבְחַ֗ר מִכֹּל֙ בְּחוּרֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַֽיַּעֲרֹ֖ךְ לִקְרַ֥את אֲרָֽם׃

Now when Joab saw that the battle was set against him before and behind, he chose of all the choice men of Israel, and put them in array against the Arameans;

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יַּ֣רְא	cc	and
2	יַּ֣רְא	רָאָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he saw
3	יוֹאָ֗ב	יוֹאָב	PROPN	_	2 יַּ֣רְא	nsubj	Joab
4	כִּֽי־	כִּי	SCONJ	_	7 ו֙	mark	(dm) that
5	הָיְתָ֤ה	הָיָה	AUX	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	7 ו֙	cop	it was
6	אֵלָי	אֶל	ADP	_	7 ו֙	case	against
7	ו֙	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 יַּ֣רְא	ccomp	him
8	פְּנֵ֣י	פָּנֶה	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 ו֙	nsubj	the face
9	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	10 מִּלְחָמָ֔ה	det	of
10	מִּלְחָמָ֔ה	מִלְחָמָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	8 פְּנֵ֣י	compound:smixut	the battle
11	מִ	מִן	ADP	_	12 פָּנִ֖ים	case	from
12	פָּנִ֖ים	פָּנֶה	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 ו֙	obl	before
13	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	15 אָח֑וֹר	cc	and
14	מֵֽ	מִן	ADP	_	15 אָח֑וֹר	case	from
15	אָח֑וֹר	אָחוֹר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	12 פָּנִ֖ים	conj	behind
16	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	17 יִּבְחַ֗ר	cc	and
17	יִּבְחַ֗ר	בָּחַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יַּ֣רְא	conj	he chose
18	מִ	מִן	ADP	_	19 כֹּל֙	case	from
19	כֹּל֙	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	17 יִּבְחַ֗ר	obl	all
20	בְּחוּרֵ֣י	בָּחַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur	19 כֹּל֙	compound:smixut	the chosen [men]
21	יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל	יִשְׂרָאֵל	PROPN	_	20 בְּחוּרֵ֣י	compound:smixut	of Israel
22	וַֽ	וְ	CCONJ	_	23 יַּעֲרֹ֖ךְ	cc	and
23	יַּעֲרֹ֖ךְ	עָרַךְ	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יַּ֣רְא	conj	he deployed
24	לִ	לְ	ADP	_	25 קְרַ֥את	case	to
25	קְרַ֥את	קרא	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	23 יַּעֲרֹ֖ךְ	advcl	meet
26	אֲרָֽם	אֲרָם	PROPN	_	25 קְרַ֥את	obj	Aram
27	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	26 אֲרָֽם	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
יַּרְא he saw	wayyiqtol · qal	יוֹאָב Joab	הָיְתָה it was
הָיְתָה it was	qatal · qal	פְּנֵי the face
יִּבְחַר he chose	wayyiqtol · qal	יוֹאָב Joab
יַּעֲרֹךְ he deployed	wayyiqtol · qal	יוֹאָב Joab	בְּחוּרֵי the chosen [men]
קְרַאת meet	infinitive construct · qal	בְּחוּרֵי the chosen [men]	אֲרָֽם Aram

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וַחֲזָא יוֹאָב אֲרֵי תַקִיפוּ עֲלוֹהִי עַבְדֵי קְרָבָא מֵאֲפּוֹהִי וּמֵאֲחוֹרוֹהִי וּבְחַר מִכֹּל בְּחוּרֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וְסַדַר לָקֳדָמוּת אֱנַשׁ אֲרָם:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Now when Joab saw that the battle was set against him before and behind, he chose of all the choice men of Israel, and put them in array against the Arameans;

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:2SA:226.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.10.9/