2 Samuel 14:25 שְׁמוּאֵל ב

Who acts: none, blemish · What happens: be, praise, crown · To what, where: Israel, sole, head

This is 2 Samuel 14:25 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — none, blemish — and what happens in the verse to Israel, sole, head, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וּכְאַבְשָׁל֗וֹם לֹא־הָיָ֧ה אִישׁ־יָפֶ֛ה בְּכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לְהַלֵּ֣ל מְאֹ֑ד מִכַּ֤ף רַגְלוֹ֙ וְעַ֣ד קָדְקֳד֔וֹ לֹא־הָ֥יָה ב֖וֹ מֽוּם׃

Now in all Israel there was none to be so much praised as Absalom for his beauty; from the sole of his foot even to the crown of his head there was no blemish in him.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	12 הַלֵּ֣ל	cc	and
2	כְ	כְּ	ADP	_	3 אַבְשָׁל֗וֹם	case	like
3	אַבְשָׁל֗וֹם	אַבְשָׁלֹום	PROPN	_	12 הַלֵּ֣ל	obl	Absalom
4	לֹא־	לֹא	ADV	_	12 הַלֵּ֣ל	advmod	not
5	הָיָ֧ה	הָיָה	AUX	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	12 הַלֵּ֣ל	cop	he was
6	אִישׁ־	אִישׁ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	12 הַלֵּ֣ל	nsubj	a man
7	יָפֶ֛ה	יָפֶה	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	6 אִישׁ־	amod	handsome
8	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	9 כָל־	case	in
9	כָל־	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	12 הַלֵּ֣ל	obl	all
10	יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל	יִשְׂרָאֵל	PROPN	_	9 כָל־	compound:smixut	Israel
11	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	12 הַלֵּ֣ל	case	to
12	הַלֵּ֣ל	הָלַל	VERB	HebBinyan=PIEL	root	root	praise
13	מְאֹ֑ד	מְאֹד	ADV	_	12 הַלֵּ֣ל	advmod	exceedingly
14	מִ	מִן	ADP	_	15 כַּ֤ף	case	from
15	כַּ֤ף	כַּף	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	12 הַלֵּ֣ל	parataxis	the sole
16	רַגְל	רֶגֶל	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	15 כַּ֤ף	compound:smixut	his foot
17	וֹ֙	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	16 רַגְל	nmod:poss	his
18	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	20 קָדְקֳד	cc	and
19	עַ֣ד	עַד	ADP	_	20 קָדְקֳד	case	to
20	קָדְקֳד	קׇדְקֹד	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	15 כַּ֤ף	conj	of his head
21	֔וֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	20 קָדְקֳד	nmod:poss	the crown
22	לֹא־	לֹא	ADV	_	15 כַּ֤ף	advmod	not
23	הָ֥יָה	הָיָה	AUX	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	15 כַּ֤ף	cop	it was
24	ב	בְּ	ADP	_	25 ֖וֹ	case	in
25	֖וֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	15 כַּ֤ף	obl	him
26	מֽוּם	מאוּם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	15 כַּ֤ף	nsubj	a blemish
27	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	26 מֽוּם	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: yes

verb	form · stem	who (A0)
הָיָה he was	qatal · qal	אִישׁ־ a man
not הַלֵּל praise	infinitive construct · piel
הָיָה it was	qatal · qal	מֽוּם a blemish

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וּכְאַבְשָׁלוֹם לָא הֲוָה גְבַר שַׁפִּיר בְּכָל יִשְׂרָאֵל לְשָׁבָּחָא לַחֲדָא מִפַּרְסַת רִגְלוֹהִי וְעַד מוֹחֵיהּ לָא הֲוָה בֵיהּ מוּמָא:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Now in all Israel there was none to be so much praised as Absalom for his beauty; from the sole of his foot even to the crown of his head there was no blemish in him.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:2SA:358.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.14.25/