2 Samuel 15:31 שְׁמוּאֵל ב

Who acts: one, Ahithophel, David, I · What happens: tell, say, be, pray, turn · To what, where: David, Thee, counsel, foolishness · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is 2 Samuel 15:31 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — one, Ahithophel, David, I — and what happens in the verse to David, Thee, counsel, foolishness, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וְדָוִד֙ הִגִּ֣יד לֵאמֹ֔ר אֲחִיתֹ֥פֶל בַּקֹּשְׁרִ֖ים עִם־אַבְשָׁל֑וֹם וַיֹּ֣אמֶר דָּוִ֔ד סַכֶּל־נָ֛א אֶת־עֲצַ֥ת אֲחִיתֹ֖פֶל יְהוָֽה׃

And one told David, saying: 'Ahithophel is among the conspirators with Absalom.' And David said: 'O LORD, I pray Thee, turn the counsel of Ahithophel into foolishness.'

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	3 הִגִּ֣יד	cc	and
2	דָוִד֙	דָּוִד	PROPN	_	3 הִגִּ֣יד	obj	David
3	הִגִּ֣יד	נָגַד	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	someone told
4	לֵ	לְ	ADP	ExtPos=SCONJ	9 קֹּשְׁרִ֖ים	mark	(cmp)
5	אמֹ֔ר	אָמַר	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	4 לֵ	fixed
6	אֲחִיתֹ֥פֶל	אֲחִיתֹפֶל	PROPN	_	9 קֹּשְׁרִ֖ים	nsubj	Ahithophel
7	בַּ	בְּ	ADP	_	9 קֹּשְׁרִ֖ים	case	[is] among
8	ה	הַ	SCONJ	_	9 קֹּשְׁרִ֖ים	mark	the
9	קֹּשְׁרִ֖ים	קָשַׁר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur	3 הִגִּ֣יד	advcl	conspirators
10	עִם־	עִם	ADP	_	11 אַבְשָׁל֑וֹם	case	with
11	אַבְשָׁל֑וֹם	אַבְשָׁלֹום	PROPN	_	9 קֹּשְׁרִ֖ים	obl	Absalom
12	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	13 יֹּ֣אמֶר	cc	and
13	יֹּ֣אמֶר	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	3 הִגִּ֣יד	conj	he said
14	דָּוִ֔ד	דָּוִד	PROPN	_	13 יֹּ֣אמֶר	nsubj	David
15	סַכֶּל־	סָכַל	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Sing Person=2	13 יֹּ֣אמֶר	ccomp	make foolish
16	נָ֛א	נָא	INTJ	_	15 סַכֶּל־	discourse	please
17	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	18 עֲצַ֥ת	case	(et)
18	עֲצַ֥ת	עֵצָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	15 סַכֶּל־	obj	the counsel
19	אֲחִיתֹ֖פֶל	אֲחִיתֹפֶל	PROPN	_	18 עֲצַ֥ת	compound:smixut	of Ahithophel
20	יְהוָֽה	יהוה	PROPN	_	15 סַכֶּל־	parataxis	O Yahweh
21	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	20 יְהוָֽה	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: no
the frame alone: decl · assert · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
הִגִּיד someone told	qatal · hiphil		דָוִד David
אמֹר	infinitive construct · qal
יֹּאמֶר he said	wayyiqtol · qal	דָּוִד David
סַכֶּל־ make foolish	imperative · piel	יְהוָֽה O Yahweh	עֲצַת the counsel

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וְדָוִד אִתְחַוָא לְמֵימָר אֲחִיתוֹפֶל בִּמְרוֹדַיָא עִם אַבְשָׁלוֹם וַאֲמַר דָוִד קַלְקֵל כְּעַן יַת מִלְכָּא דַאֲחִיתוֹפֶל יְיָ:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And one told David, saying: 'Ahithophel is among the conspirators with Absalom.' And David said: 'O LORD, I pray Thee, turn the counsel of Ahithophel into foolishness.'

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:2SA:397.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.15.31/