2 Samuel 15:30 שְׁמוּאֵל ב

Who acts: David, head, people · What happens: go up, weep, have, cover, go, be · To what, where: head, man

This is 2 Samuel 15:30 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — David, head, people — and what happens in the verse to head, man, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וְדָוִ֡ד עֹלֶה֩ בְמַעֲלֵ֨ה הַזֵּיתִ֜ים עֹלֶ֣ה ׀ וּבוֹכֶ֗ה וְרֹ֥אשׁ לוֹ֙ חָפ֔וּי וְה֖וּא הֹלֵ֣ךְ יָחֵ֑ף וְכָל־הָעָ֣ם אֲשֶׁר־אִתּ֗וֹ חָפוּ֙ אִ֣ישׁ רֹאשׁ֔וֹ וְעָל֥וּ עָלֹ֖ה וּבָכֹֽה׃

And David went up by the ascent of the mount of Olives, and wept as he went up; and he had his head covered, and went barefoot; and all the people that were with him covered every man his head, and they went up, weeping as they went up.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	3 עֹלֶה֩	cc	and
2	דָוִ֡ד	דָּוִד	PROPN	_	3 עֹלֶה֩	nsubj	David
3	עֹלֶה֩	עָלָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing	root	root	[was] going up
4	בְ	בְּ	ADP	_	5 מַעֲלֵ֨ה	case	on
5	מַעֲלֵ֨ה	מַעֲלֶה	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	3 עֹלֶה֩	obl	the ascent
6	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	7 זֵּיתִ֜ים	det	of
7	זֵּיתִ֜ים	זַיִת	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	5 מַעֲלֵ֨ה	compound:smixut	the olive trees
8	עֹלֶ֣ה	עָלָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing	3 עֹלֶה֩	advmod	going up
9	׀	׀	PUNCT	_	8 עֹלֶ֣ה	punct
10	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	11 בוֹכֶ֗ה	cc	and
11	בוֹכֶ֗ה	בָּכָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing	8 עֹלֶ֣ה	conj	weeping
12	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	16 חָפ֔וּי	cc	and
13	רֹ֥אשׁ	רֹאשׁ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	16 חָפ֔וּי	nsubj	head
14	ל	לְ	ADP	_	15 וֹ֙	case
15	וֹ֙	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	16 חָפ֔וּי	obl	his
16	חָפ֔וּי	חָפָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing	3 עֹלֶה֩	conj	[was] covered
17	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	19 הֹלֵ֣ךְ	cc	and
18	ה֖וּא	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	19 הֹלֵ֣ךְ	nsubj	he
19	הֹלֵ֣ךְ	הָלַךְ	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing	3 עֹלֶה֩	conj	[was] walking
20	יָחֵ֑ף	יָחֵף	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	19 הֹלֵ֣ךְ	advmod	barefoot
21	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	28 חָפוּ֙	cc	and
22	כָל־	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	28 חָפוּ֙	nsubj	all
23	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	24 עָ֣ם	det	the
24	עָ֣ם	עַם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	22 כָל־	compound:smixut	people
25	אֲשֶׁר־	אֲשֶׁר	SCONJ	_	27 ֗וֹ	mark	which
26	אִתּ	אֵת	ADP	_	27 ֗וֹ	case	[was] with
27	֗וֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	22 כָל־	acl:relcl	him
28	חָפוּ֙	חָפָה	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	3 עֹלֶה֩	conj	they covered
29	אִ֣ישׁ	אִישׁ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	28 חָפוּ֙	obl	each
30	רֹאשׁ	רֹאשׁ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	28 חָפוּ֙	obj	head
31	֔וֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	30 רֹאשׁ	nmod:poss	his
32	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	33 עָל֥וּ	cc	and
33	עָל֥וּ	עָלָה	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	3 עֹלֶה֩	conj	they went up
34	עָלֹ֖ה	עָלָה	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	33 עָל֥וּ	advmod	going up
35	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	36 בָכֹֽה	cc	and
36	בָכֹֽה	בָּכָה	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	34 עָלֹ֖ה	conj	weeping
37	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	36 בָכֹֽה	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
עֹלֶה [was] going up	participle active · qal	דָוִד David
עֹלֶה going up	participle active · qal	דָוִד David
בוֹכֶה weeping	participle active · qal	דָוִד David
חָפוּי [was] covered	participle passive · qal		רֹאשׁ head
הֹלֵךְ [was] walking	participle active · qal	הוּא he
חָפוּ they covered	qatal · qal	עָם people	רֹאשׁ head
עָלוּ they went up	weqatal · qal	עָם people

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וְדָוִד סָלִיק בְּמַסְקָנָא דְטוּר זֵיתַיָא סָלִיק וּבָכֵי וְרֵישֵׁיהּ לֵיהּ מְכָרֵךְ וְהוּא אָזֵיל יָחֵיף וְכָל עַמָא דְעִמֵיהּ כָּרִיכוּ גְבַר רֵישֵׁיהּ וְסַלְקִין מְסַק וּבָכָן:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And David went up by the ascent of the mount of Olives, and wept as he went up; and he had his head covered, and went barefoot; and all the people that were with him covered every man his head, and they went up, weeping as they went up.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:2SA:396.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.15.30/