2 Samuel 16:10 שְׁמוּאֵל ב

Who acts: king, I, you, LORD, thou · What happens: say, have, do, let, curse · To what, where: king, David · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is 2 Samuel 16:10 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — king, I, you, LORD, thou — and what happens in the verse to king, David, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיֹּ֣אמֶר הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ מַה־לִּ֥י וְלָכֶ֖ם בְּנֵ֣י צְרֻיָ֑ה כֹּ֣ה יְקַלֵּ֗ל כִּ֤י יְהוָה֙ אָ֤מַר לוֹ֙ קַלֵּ֣ל אֶת־דָּוִ֔ד וּמִ֣י יֹאמַ֔ר מַדּ֖וּעַ עָשִׂ֥יתָה כֵּֽן׃ס

And the king said: 'What have I to do with you, ye sons of Zeruiah? So let him curse, because the LORD hath said unto him: Curse David; who then shall say: Wherefore hast thou done so?'

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יֹּ֣אמֶר	cc	and
2	יֹּ֣אמֶר	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he said
3	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	4 מֶּ֔לֶךְ	det	the
4	מֶּ֔לֶךְ	מֶלֶךְ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 יֹּ֣אמֶר	nsubj	king
5	מַה־	מָה	PRON	PronType=Int	7 ִ֥י	nsubj	what?
6	לּ	לְ	ADP	_	7 ִ֥י	case	[is] to
7	ִ֥י	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	2 יֹּ֣אמֶר	ccomp	me
8	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	10 ָכֶ֖ם	cc	and
9	ל	לְ	ADP	_	10 ָכֶ֖ם	case	to
10	ָכֶ֖ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=2 PronType=Prs	7 ִ֥י	conj	you
11	בְּנֵ֣י	בֵּן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	7 ִ֥י	parataxis	O sons
12	צְרֻיָ֑ה	צְרוּיָה	PROPN	_	11 בְּנֵ֣י	compound:smixut	of Zeruiah
13	כֹּ֣ה	כֹּה	ADV	_	14 יְקַלֵּ֗ל	advmod	thus
14	יְקַלֵּ֗ל	קָלַל	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Sing Person=3	7 ִ֥י	parataxis	he is cursing
15	כִּ֤י	כִּי	SCONJ	_	17 אָ֤מַר	mark	(dm)
16	יְהוָה֙	יהוה	PROPN	_	17 אָ֤מַר	nsubj	Yahweh
17	אָ֤מַר	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	7 ִ֥י	advcl	he has said
18	ל	לְ	ADP	_	19 וֹ֙	case	to
19	וֹ֙	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	17 אָ֤מַר	obl	him
20	קַלֵּ֣ל	קָלַל	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Sing Person=2	17 אָ֤מַר	ccomp	curse
21	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	22 דָּוִ֔ד	case	(et)
22	דָּוִ֔ד	דָּוִד	PROPN	_	20 קַלֵּ֣ל	obj	David
23	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	25 יֹאמַ֔ר	cc	and
24	מִ֣י	מִי	PRON	PronType=Int	25 יֹאמַ֔ר	nsubj	who?
25	יֹאמַ֔ר	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	20 קַלֵּ֣ל	conj	will he say
26	מַדּ֖וּעַ	מַדּוּעַ	ADV	_	27 עָשִׂ֥יתָה	advmod	why?
27	עָשִׂ֥יתָה	עָשָׂה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=2	25 יֹאמַ֔ר	ccomp	have you done
28	כֵּֽן	כֵּן	ADV	_	27 עָשִׂ֥יתָה	advmod	thus
29	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	28 כֵּֽן	punct
30	ס	ס	PUNCT	_	28 כֵּֽן	punct

Pragmatics

form: wh-question
act: ask
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: no
the frame alone: decl · narrate · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
יֹּאמֶר he said	wayyiqtol · qal	מֶּלֶךְ king
יְקַלֵּל he is cursing	yiqtol · piel
אָמַר he has said	qatal · qal	יְהוָה Yahweh	קַלֵּל curse + יֹאמַר will he say
קַלֵּל curse	imperative · piel		דָּוִד David
יֹאמַר will he say	yiqtol · qal	מִי who?	עָשִׂיתָה have you done
עָשִׂיתָה have you done	qatal · qal

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וַאֲמַר מַלְכָּא מַה לִי וּלְכוֹן בְנֵי צְרוּיָה כְּדֵין יְלַטִיט אֲרֵי יְיָ אֲמַר לֵיהּ לַטֵיט יַת דָוִד וּמַן יֵימַר מַה דֵין עֲבַדְתָּא כֵּן:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:2SA:413.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.16.10/