2 Samuel 16:11 שְׁמוּאֵל ב

Who acts: David, son, Benjamite, LORD · What happens: say, come, seek, let, curse, bid · To what, where: Abishai, life, David · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is 2 Samuel 16:11 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — David, son, Benjamite, LORD — and what happens in the verse to Abishai, life, David, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיֹּ֨אמֶר דָּוִ֤ד אֶל־אֲבִישַׁי֙ וְאֶל־כָּל־עֲבָדָ֔יו הִנֵּ֥ה בְנִ֛י אֲשֶׁר־יָצָ֥א מִמֵּעַ֖י מְבַקֵּ֣שׁ אֶת־נַפְשִׁ֑י וְאַ֨ף כִּֽי־עַתָּ֜ה בֶּן־הַיְמִינִ֗י הַנִּ֤חוּ לוֹ֙ וִֽיקַלֵּ֔ל כִּ֥י אָֽמַר־ל֖וֹ יְהוָֽה׃

And David said to Abishai, and to all his servants: 'Behold, my son, who came forth of my body, seeketh my life; how much more this Benjamite now? let him alone, and let him curse; for the LORD hath bidden him.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יֹּ֨אמֶר	cc	and
2	יֹּ֨אמֶר	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he said
3	דָּוִ֤ד	דָּוִד	PROPN	_	2 יֹּ֨אמֶר	nsubj	David
4	אֶל־	אֶל	ADP	_	5 אֲבִישַׁי֙	case	to
5	אֲבִישַׁי֙	אֲבִישַׁי	PROPN	_	2 יֹּ֨אמֶר	obl	Abishai
6	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	8 כָּל־	cc	and
7	אֶל־	אֶל	ADP	_	8 כָּל־	case	to
8	כָּל־	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	5 אֲבִישַׁי֙	conj	all
9	עֲבָדָ֔י	עֶבֶד	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	8 כָּל־	compound:smixut	servants
10	ו	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 עֲבָדָ֔י	nmod:poss	his
11	הִנֵּ֥ה	הִנֵּה	INTJ	_	19 מְבַקֵּ֣שׁ	discourse	here!
12	בְנ	בֵּן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	19 מְבַקֵּ֣שׁ	nsubj	son
13	ִ֛י	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	12 בְנ	nmod:poss	my
14	אֲשֶׁר־	אֲשֶׁר	SCONJ	_	15 יָצָ֥א	mark	who
15	יָצָ֥א	יָצָא	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	12 בְנ	acl:relcl	he went out
16	מִ	מִן	ADP	_	17 מֵּע	case	from
17	מֵּע	מֵעִים	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	15 יָצָ֥א	obl	inward parts
18	ַ֖י	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	17 מֵּע	nmod:poss	my
19	מְבַקֵּ֣שׁ	בָּקַשׁ	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Sing	2 יֹּ֨אמֶר	ccomp	[is] seeking
20	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	21 נַפְשׁ	case	(et)
21	נַפְשׁ	נֶפֶשׁ	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 מְבַקֵּ֣שׁ	obj	life
22	ִ֑י	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	21 נַפְשׁ	nmod:poss	my
23	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	26 עַתָּ֜ה	cc	and
24	אַ֨ף	אַף	ADV	_	26 עַתָּ֜ה	advmod	indeed?
25	כִּֽי־	כִּי	SCONJ	_	26 עַתָּ֜ה	mark	(dm)
26	עַתָּ֜ה	עַתָּה	ADV	_	19 מְבַקֵּ֣שׁ	conj	now
27	בֶּן־	בֵּן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	26 עַתָּ֜ה	nsubj	the Ben-
28	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	29 יְמִינִ֗י	det	(the)
29	יְמִינִ֗י	יְמִינִי	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	27 בֶּן־	compound:smixut	jaminite
30	הַנִּ֤חוּ	נוח	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Plur Person=2	19 מְבַקֵּ֣שׁ	parataxis	leave alone
31	ל	לְ	ADP	_	32 וֹ֙	case	(to)
32	וֹ֙	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	30 הַנִּ֤חוּ	obl	him
33	וִֽ	וְ	CCONJ	_	34 יקַלֵּ֔ל	cc	and
34	יקַלֵּ֔ל	קָלַל	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Sing Person=3	19 מְבַקֵּ֣שׁ	conj	let him curse
35	כִּ֥י	כִּי	SCONJ	_	36 אָֽמַר־	mark	(dm)
36	אָֽמַר־	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	19 מְבַקֵּ֣שׁ	advcl	he has spoken
37	ל	לְ	ADP	_	38 ֖וֹ	case	to
38	֖וֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	36 אָֽמַר־	obl	him
39	יְהוָֽה	יהוה	PROPN	_	36 אָֽמַר־	nsubj	Yahweh
40	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	39 יְהוָֽה	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: no
the frame alone: decl · narrate · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
יֹּאמֶר he said	wayyiqtol · qal	דָּוִד David
יָצָא he went out	qatal · qal	בְנ son
מְבַקֵּשׁ [is] seeking	participle active · piel	בְנ son	נַפְשׁ life
הַנִּחוּ leave alone	imperative · hiphil	אֲבִישַׁי Abishai + עֲבָדָי servants
יקַלֵּל let him curse	yiqtol · piel	בֶּן־ the Ben-
אָֽמַר־ he has spoken	qatal · qal	יְהוָֽה Yahweh

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וַאֲמַר דָוִד לַאֲבִישַׁי וּלְכָל עַבְדוֹהִי הָא בְּרִי דְאוֹלֵידִית בָּעֵי לְמִקְטְלִי וְאַף אֲרֵי כְעַן בַּר שֵׁבֶט בִּנְיָמִן שְׁבוּקוּ מִינֵיהּ וִילַטֵט אֲרֵי אָמַר לֵיהּ יְיָ:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And David said to Abishai, and to all his servants: 'Behold, my son, who came forth of my body, seeketh my life; how much more this Benjamite now? let him alone, and let him curse; for the LORD hath bidden him.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:2SA:414.

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