2 Samuel 16:9 שְׁמוּאֵל ב

Who acts: Abishai, dead dog, me, I · What happens: say, curse, let, go over, pray, take off · To what, where: lord, me, thee, head · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is 2 Samuel 16:9 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Abishai, dead dog, me, I — and what happens in the verse to lord, me, thee, head, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיֹּ֨אמֶר אֲבִישַׁ֤י בֶּן־צְרוּיָה֙ אֶל־הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ לָ֣מָּה יְקַלֵּ֞ל הַכֶּ֤לֶב הַמֵּת֙ הַזֶּ֔ה אֶת־אֲדֹנִ֖י הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ אֶעְבְּרָה־נָּ֖א וְאָסִ֥ירָה אֶת־רֹאשֽׁוֹ׃ס

Then said Abishai the son of Zeruiah unto the king: 'Why should this dead dog curse my lord the king? let me go over, I pray thee, and take off his head.'

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יֹּ֨אמֶר	cc	and
2	יֹּ֨אמֶר	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he said
3	אֲבִישַׁ֤י	אֲבִישַׁי	PROPN	_	2 יֹּ֨אמֶר	nsubj	Abishai
4	בֶּן־	בֵּן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	3 אֲבִישַׁ֤י	appos	the son
5	צְרוּיָה֙	צְרוּיָה	PROPN	_	4 בֶּן־	compound:smixut	of Zeruiah
6	אֶל־	אֶל	ADP	_	8 מֶּ֔לֶךְ	case	to
7	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	8 מֶּ֔לֶךְ	det	the
8	מֶּ֔לֶךְ	מֶלֶךְ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 יֹּ֨אמֶר	obl	king
9	לָ֣	לָמָה	ADP	_	10 מָּה	case
10	מָּה	מָה	PRON	PronType=Int	11 יְקַלֵּ֞ל	obl	why?
11	יְקַלֵּ֞ל	קָלַל	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יֹּ֨אמֶר	ccomp	will he curse
12	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	13 כֶּ֤לֶב	det	the
13	כֶּ֤לֶב	כֶּלֶב	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	11 יְקַלֵּ֞ל	nsubj	dog
14	הַ	הַ	SCONJ	_	15 מֵּת֙	mark	(the)
15	מֵּת֙	מוּת	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing	13 כֶּ֤לֶב	acl:relcl	dead
16	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	17 זֶּ֔ה	det	(the)
17	זֶּ֔ה	זֶה	DET	Gender=Masc Number=Sing PronType=Dem	13 כֶּ֤לֶב	det	this
18	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	19 אֲדֹנ	case	(et)
19	אֲדֹנ	אָדוֹן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	11 יְקַלֵּ֞ל	obj	lord
20	ִ֖י	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	19 אֲדֹנ	nmod:poss	my
21	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	22 מֶּ֑לֶךְ	det	the
22	מֶּ֑לֶךְ	מֶלֶךְ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	19 אֲדֹנ	appos	king
23	אֶעְבְּרָה־	עָבַר	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=1	11 יְקַלֵּ֞ל	parataxis	let me pass over
24	נָּ֖א	נָא	INTJ	_	23 אֶעְבְּרָה־	discourse	please
25	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	26 אָסִ֥ירָה	cc	and
26	אָסִ֥ירָה	סוּר	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=1	11 יְקַלֵּ֞ל	conj	let me remove
27	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	28 רֹאשׁ	case	(et)
28	רֹאשׁ	רֹאשׁ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	26 אָסִ֥ירָה	obj	head
29	ֽוֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	28 רֹאשׁ	nmod:poss	his
30	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	29 ֽוֹ	punct
31	ס	ס	PUNCT	_	29 ֽוֹ	punct

Pragmatics

form: wh-question
act: ask
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: no
the frame alone: decl · narrate · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)	who makes it happen (AA)
יֹּאמֶר he said	wayyiqtol · qal	אֲבִישַׁי Abishai
יְקַלֵּל will he curse	yiqtol · piel	כֶּלֶב dog	אֲדֹנ lord
אֶעְבְּרָה־ let me pass over	cohortative · qal	אֲבִישַׁי Abishai
אָסִירָה let me remove	cohortative · hiphil	רֹאשׁ head		אֲבִישַׁי Abishai

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וַאֲמַר אֲבִישַׁי בַּר צְרוּיָה לְמַלְכָּא לְמָא יְלַטֵט כַּלְבָּא מֵיתָא הָדֵין יַת רִבּוֹנִי מַלְכָּא אֶעְבַּר כְּעַן וְעַדִי יַת רֵישֵׁיהּ:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Then said Abishai the son of Zeruiah unto the king: 'Why should this dead dog curse my lord the king? let me go over, I pray thee, and take off his head.'

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:2SA:412.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.16.9/