2 Samuel 18:2 שְׁמוּאֵל ב

Who acts: David, king, I · What happens: send forth, say, go · To what, where: people · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is 2 Samuel 18:2 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — David, king, I — and what happens in the verse to people, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיְשַׁלַּ֨ח דָּוִ֜ד אֶת־הָעָ֗ם הַשְּׁלִשִׁ֤ית בְּיַד־יוֹאָב֙ וְ֠הַשְּׁלִשִׁית בְּיַ֨ד אֲבִישַׁ֤י בֶּן־צְרוּיָה֙ אֲחִ֣י יוֹאָ֔ב וְהַ֨שְּׁלִשִׁ֔ת בְּיַ֖ד אִתַּ֣י הַגִּתִּ֑יס וַיֹּ֤אמֶר הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ אֶל־הָעָ֔ם יָצֹ֥א אֵצֵ֛א גַּם־אֲנִ֖י עִמָּכֶֽם׃

And David sent forth the people, a third part under the hand of Joab, and a third part under the hand of Abishai the son of Zeruiah, Joab's brother, and a third part under the hand of Ittai the Gittite. And the king said unto the people: 'I will surely go forth with you myself also.'

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יְשַׁלַּ֨ח	cc	and
2	יְשַׁלַּ֨ח	שָׁלַח	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he sent out
3	דָּוִ֜ד	דָּוִד	PROPN	_	2 יְשַׁלַּ֨ח	nsubj	David
4	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	6 עָ֗ם	case	(et)
5	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	6 עָ֗ם	det	the
6	עָ֗ם	עַם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 יְשַׁלַּ֨ח	obj	people
7	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	8 שְּׁלִשִׁ֤ית	det	the
8	שְּׁלִשִׁ֤ית	שְׁלִישִׁית	NUM	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	10 יַד־	nsubj	third
9	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	10 יַד־	case	[was] in
10	יַד־	יָד	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 יְשַׁלַּ֨ח	parataxis	the hand
11	יוֹאָב֙	יוֹאָב	PROPN	_	10 יַד־	compound:smixut	of Joab
12	וְ֠	וְ	CCONJ	_	16 יַ֨ד	cc	and
13	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	14 שְּׁלִשִׁית	det	the
14	שְּׁלִשִׁית	שְׁלִישִׁית	NUM	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	16 יַ֨ד	nsubj	third
15	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	16 יַ֨ד	case	[was] in
16	יַ֨ד	יָד	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 יְשַׁלַּ֨ח	conj	the hand
17	אֲבִישַׁ֤י	אֲבִישַׁי	PROPN	_	16 יַ֨ד	compound:smixut	of Abishai
18	בֶּן־	בֵּן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	17 אֲבִישַׁ֤י	appos	the son
19	צְרוּיָה֙	צְרוּיָה	PROPN	_	18 בֶּן־	compound:smixut	of Zeruiah
20	אֲחִ֣י	אָח	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	17 אֲבִישַׁ֤י	appos	the brother
21	יוֹאָ֔ב	יוֹאָב	PROPN	_	20 אֲחִ֣י	compound:smixut	of Joab
22	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	26 יַ֖ד	cc	and
23	הַ֨	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	24 שְּׁלִשִׁ֔ת	det	the
24	שְּׁלִשִׁ֔ת	שְׁלִישִׁית	NUM	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	26 יַ֖ד	nsubj	third
25	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	26 יַ֖ד	case	[was] in
26	יַ֖ד	יָד	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 יְשַׁלַּ֨ח	conj	the hand
27	אִתַּ֣י	אִתַּי	PROPN	_	26 יַ֖ד	compound:smixut	of Ittai
28	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	29 גִּתִּ֑י	det	the
29	גִּתִּ֑י	גִּתִּי	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	27 אִתַּ֣י	appos	Gittite
30	ס	ס	PUNCT	_	29 גִּתִּ֑י	punct
31	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	32 יֹּ֤אמֶר	cc	and
32	יֹּ֤אמֶר	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יְשַׁלַּ֨ח	conj	he said
33	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	34 מֶּ֙לֶךְ֙	det	the
34	מֶּ֙לֶךְ֙	מֶלֶךְ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	32 יֹּ֤אמֶר	nsubj	king
35	אֶל־	אֶל	ADP	_	37 עָ֔ם	case	to
36	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	37 עָ֔ם	det	the
37	עָ֔ם	עַם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	32 יֹּ֤אמֶר	obl	people
38	יָצֹ֥א	יָצָא	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	39 אֵצֵ֛א	obl:npmod	certainly (go out)
39	אֵצֵ֛א	יָצָא	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=1	32 יֹּ֤אמֶר	ccomp	I will go out
40	גַּם־	גַּם	ADV	_	41 אֲנִ֖י	advmod	also
41	אֲנִ֖י	אֲנִי	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	39 אֵצֵ֛א	nsubj	I
42	עִמּ	עִם	ADP	_	43 ָכֶֽם	case	with
43	ָכֶֽם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=2 PronType=Prs	39 אֵצֵ֛א	obl	you
44	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	43 ָכֶֽם	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: promise
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: no
the frame alone: decl · narrate · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
יְשַׁלַּח he sent out	wayyiqtol · piel	דָּוִד David	עָם people
יֹּאמֶר he said	wayyiqtol · qal
אֵצֵא I will go out	yiqtol · qal	עִמּ with

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וּשְׁלַח דָוִד יַת עַמָא תִּלְתָּא בְיַד יוֹאָב וְתִלְתָּא בְּיַד אֲבִישַׁי בַּר צְרוּיָה אֲחוּהִי דְיוֹאָב וְתִלְתָּא בְּיַד אִתַּי גִתָּאָה וַאֲמַר מַלְכָּא לְעַמָא מִפַּק אֱפֹּק אַף אֲנָא עִמְכוֹן:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:2SA:457.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.18.2/