2 Samuel 19:40 שְׁמוּאֵל ב

Who acts: people, king · What happens: go, go over, kiss, bless, return · To what, where: Jordan, Barzillai, king

This is 2 Samuel 19:40 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — people, king — and what happens in the verse to Jordan, Barzillai, king, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיַּעֲבֹ֧ר כָּל־הָעָ֛ם אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֖ן וְהַמֶּ֣לֶךְ עָבָ֑ר וַיִּשַּׁ֨ק הַמֶּ֤לֶךְ לְבַרְזִלַּי֙ וַיְבָ֣רֲכֵ֔הוּ וַיָּ֖שָׁב לִמְקֹמֽוֹ׃ס

And all the people went over the Jordan, and the king went over; and the king kissed Barzillai, and blessed him; and he returned unto his own place.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יַּעֲבֹ֧ר	cc	and
2	יַּעֲבֹ֧ר	עָבַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	it passed over
3	כָּל־	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 יַּעֲבֹ֧ר	nsubj	all
4	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	5 עָ֛ם	det	the
5	עָ֛ם	עַם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	3 כָּל־	compound:smixut	people
6	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	8 יַּרְדֵּ֖ן	case	(et)
7	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	8 יַּרְדֵּ֖ן	det	the
8	יַּרְדֵּ֖ן	יַרְדֵּן	PROPN	_	2 יַּעֲבֹ֧ר	obl	Jordan
9	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	12 עָבָ֑ר	cc	and
10	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	11 מֶּ֣לֶךְ	det	the
11	מֶּ֣לֶךְ	מֶלֶךְ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	12 עָבָ֑ר	nsubj	king
12	עָבָ֑ר	עָבַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יַּעֲבֹ֧ר	conj	he passed over
13	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	14 יִּשַּׁ֨ק	cc	and
14	יִּשַּׁ֨ק	נָשַׁק	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יַּעֲבֹ֧ר	conj	he kissed
15	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	16 מֶּ֤לֶךְ	det	the
16	מֶּ֤לֶךְ	מֶלֶךְ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	14 יִּשַּׁ֨ק	nsubj	king
17	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	18 בַרְזִלַּי֙	case	(to)
18	בַרְזִלַּי֙	בַּרְזִלַּי	PROPN	_	14 יִּשַּׁ֨ק	obl	Barzillai
19	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	20 יְבָ֣רֲכ	cc	and
20	יְבָ֣רֲכ	בָּרַךְ	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יַּעֲבֹ֧ר	conj	he
21	ֵ֔הוּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	20 יְבָ֣רֲכ	obj	blessed him
22	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	23 יָּ֖שָׁב	cc	and
23	יָּ֖שָׁב	שׁוּב	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יַּעֲבֹ֧ר	conj	he returned
24	לִ	לְ	ADP	_	25 מְקֹמ	case	to
25	מְקֹמ	מָקוֹם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	23 יָּ֖שָׁב	obl	his own
26	ֽוֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	25 מְקֹמ	nmod:poss	place
27	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	26 ֽוֹ	punct
28	ס	ס	PUNCT	_	26 ֽוֹ	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
יַּעֲבֹר it passed over	wayyiqtol · qal	עָם people
עָבָר he passed over	qatal · qal	מֶּלֶךְ king
יִּשַּׁק he kissed	wayyiqtol · qal	מֶּלֶךְ king
יְבָרֲכ he	wayyiqtol · piel	מֶּלֶךְ king	ֵהוּ blessed him
יָּשָׁב he returned	wayyiqtol · qal	בַרְזִלַּי Barzillai

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וַעֲבַר כָּל עַמָא יַת יַרְדְנָא וּמַלְכָּא עֲבַר וּנְשַׁק מַלְכָּא לְבַרְזִלַי וּבָרְכֵיהּ וְתַב לְאַתְרֵיהּ:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And all the people went over the Jordan, and the king went over; and the king kissed Barzillai, and blessed him; and he returned unto his own place.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:2SA:527.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.19.40/