2 Samuel 19:41 שְׁמוּאֵל ב

Who acts: king, Chimham, people · What happens: go over, bring over · To what, where: Gilgal, king

This is 2 Samuel 19:41 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — king, Chimham, people — and what happens in the verse to Gilgal, king, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיַּעֲבֹ֤ר הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ הַגִּלְגָּ֔לָה וְכִמְהָ֖ן עָבַ֣ר עִמּ֑וֹ וְכָל־עַ֤ם יְהוּדָה֙ הֶעֱבִ֣ירוּ אֶת־הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וְגַ֕ם חֲצִ֖י עַ֥ם יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃

So the king went over to Gilgal, and Chimham went over with him; and all the people of Judah brought the king over, and also half the people of Israel.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יַּעֲבֹ֤ר	cc	and
2	יַּעֲבֹ֤ר	עָבַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he passed over
3	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	4 מֶּ֙לֶךְ֙	det	the
4	מֶּ֙לֶךְ֙	מֶלֶךְ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 יַּעֲבֹ֤ר	nsubj	king
5	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	6 גִּלְגָּ֔ל	det	to
6	גִּלְגָּ֔ל	גִּלְגָּל	PROPN	_	2 יַּעֲבֹ֤ר	obl	(the)
7	ָה	ה	X	_	6 גִּלְגָּ֔ל	nmod	Gilgal
8	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	10 עָבַ֣ר	cc	and
9	כִמְהָ֖ן	כִּמְהָן	PROPN	_	10 עָבַ֣ר	nsubj	Kimhan
10	עָבַ֣ר	עָבַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יַּעֲבֹ֤ר	conj	he passed over
11	עִמּ	עִם	ADP	_	12 ֑וֹ	case	with
12	֑וֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 עָבַ֣ר	obl	him
13	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	17 הֶעֱבִ֣ירוּ	cc	and
14	כָל־	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	17 הֶעֱבִ֣ירוּ	nsubj	all
15	עַ֤ם	עַם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	14 כָל־	compound:smixut	the people
16	יְהוּדָה֙	יְהוּדָה	PROPN	_	15 עַ֤ם	compound:smixut	of Judah
17	הֶעֱבִ֣ירוּ	עָבַר	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Plur Person=3	2 יַּעֲבֹ֤ר	conj	they brought over
18	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	20 מֶּ֔לֶךְ	case	(et)
19	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	20 מֶּ֔לֶךְ	det	the
20	מֶּ֔לֶךְ	מֶלֶךְ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	17 הֶעֱבִ֣ירוּ	obj	king
21	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	23 חֲצִ֖י	cc	and
22	גַ֕ם	גַּם	ADV	_	23 חֲצִ֖י	advmod	also
23	חֲצִ֖י	חֲצִי	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	17 הֶעֱבִ֣ירוּ	conj	(the) half
24	עַ֥ם	עַם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	23 חֲצִ֖י	compound:smixut	of the people
25	יִשְׂרָאֵֽל	יִשְׂרָאֵל	PROPN	_	24 עַ֥ם	compound:smixut	of Israel
26	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	25 יִשְׂרָאֵֽל	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	who makes it happen (AA)
יַּעֲבֹר he passed over	wayyiqtol · qal	מֶּלֶךְ king
עָבַר he passed over	qatal · qal	כִמְהָן Kimhan
הֶעֱבִירוּ they brought over	qatal · hiphil	מֶּלֶךְ king	עַם the people

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וַעֲבַר מַלְכָּא לְגִלְגְלָא וְכִמְהָן עֲבַר עִימֵיהּ וְכָל עַמָא דְבֵית יְהוּדָה אַעְבָּרוּ יַת מַלְכָּא וְאַף פַּלְגוּת עַמָא דְיִשְׂרָאֵל:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

So the king went over to Gilgal, and Chimham went over with him; and all the people of Judah brought the king over, and also half the people of Israel.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:2SA:528.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.19.41/