2 Samuel 21:15 שְׁמוּאֵל ב

Who acts: Philistines, David · What happens: have, go down, fight, wax · To what, where: war

This is 2 Samuel 21:15 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Philistines, David — and what happens in the verse to war, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַתְּהִי־ע֧וֹד מִלְחָמָ֛ה לַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֖ים אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיֵּ֨רֶד דָּוִ֜ד וַעֲבָדָ֥יו עִמּ֛וֹ וַיִּלָּחֲמ֥וּ אֶת־פְּלִשְׁתִּ֖ים וַיָּ֥עַף דָּוִֽד׃

And the Philistines had war again with Israel; and David went down, and his servants with him, and fought against the Philistines; and David waxed faint.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 תְּהִי־	cc	and
2	תְּהִי־	הָיָה	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	it belonged
3	ע֧וֹד	עוֹד	ADV	_	2 תְּהִי־	advmod	again
4	מִלְחָמָ֛ה	מִלְחָמָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	2 תְּהִי־	nsubj	war
5	לַ	לְ	ADP	_	7 פְּלִשְׁתִּ֖ים	case	to
6	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	7 פְּלִשְׁתִּ֖ים	det	the
7	פְּלִשְׁתִּ֖ים	פְּלִשְׁתִּי	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	2 תְּהִי־	obl	Philistines
8	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	9 יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל	case	with
9	יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל	יִשְׂרָאֵל	PROPN	_	2 תְּהִי־	obl	Israel
10	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	11 יֵּ֨רֶד	cc	and
11	יֵּ֨רֶד	יָרַד	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 תְּהִי־	conj	he went down
12	דָּוִ֜ד	דָּוִד	PROPN	_	11 יֵּ֨רֶד	nsubj	David
13	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	17 ֛וֹ	cc	and
14	עֲבָדָ֥י	עֶבֶד	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	17 ֛וֹ	nsubj	servants
15	ו	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 עֲבָדָ֥י	nmod:poss	his
16	עִמּ	עִם	ADP	_	17 ֛וֹ	case	with
17	֛וֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 תְּהִי־	conj	him
18	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	19 יִּלָּחֲמ֥וּ	cc	and
19	יִּלָּחֲמ֥וּ	לָחַם	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Plur Person=3	2 תְּהִי־	conj	they fought
20	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	21 פְּלִשְׁתִּ֖ים	case	with
21	פְּלִשְׁתִּ֖ים	פְּלִשְׁתִּי	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	19 יִּלָּחֲמ֥וּ	obl	[the] Philistines
22	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	23 יָּ֥עַף	cc	and
23	יָּ֥עַף	עיף	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 תְּהִי־	conj	he was weary
24	דָּוִֽד	דָּוִד	PROPN	_	23 יָּ֥עַף	nsubj	David
25	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	24 דָּוִֽד	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)
תְּהִי־ it belonged	wayyiqtol · qal	מִלְחָמָה war
יֵּרֶד he went down	wayyiqtol · qal	דָּוִד David
יִּלָּחֲמוּ they fought	wayyiqtol · niphal	דָּוִד David + עֲבָדָי servants
יָּעַף he was weary	wayyiqtol · qal	דָּוִֽד David

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וַהֲוַת עוֹד קְרָבָא לִפְלִשְׁתָּאֵי עִם יִשְׂרָאֵל וּנְחַת דָוִד וְעַבְדוֹהִי עִמֵיהּ וְאַגִיחוּ קְרָבָא עִם פְּלִשְׁתָּאֵי וְאִשְׁתַּלְהֵי דָוִד:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And the Philistines had war again with Israel; and David went down, and his servants with him, and fought against the Philistines; and David waxed faint.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:2SA:572.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.21.15/