2 Samuel 4:1 שְׁמוּאֵל ב

Who acts: son, Abner, hands · What happens: hear, be, become, affright · To what, where: Hebron, Israelites · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is 2 Samuel 4:1 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — son, Abner, hands — and what happens in the verse to Hebron, Israelites, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיִּשְׁמַ֣ע בֶּן־שָׁא֗וּל כִּ֣י מֵ֤ת אַבְנֵר֙ בְּחֶבְר֔וֹן וַיִּרְפּ֖וּ יָדָ֑יו וְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל נִבְהָֽלוּ׃

And when Saul's son heard that Abner was dead in Hebron, his hands became feeble, and all the Israelites were affrighted.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יִּשְׁמַ֣ע	cc	and
2	יִּשְׁמַ֣ע	שָׁמַע	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he heard
3	בֶּן־	בֵּן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 יִּשְׁמַ֣ע	nsubj	the son
4	שָׁא֗וּל	שָׁאוּל	PROPN	_	3 בֶּן־	compound:smixut	of Saul
5	כִּ֣י	כִּי	SCONJ	_	6 מֵ֤ת	mark	(dm) that
6	מֵ֤ת	מוּת	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יִּשְׁמַ֣ע	ccomp	he had died
7	אַבְנֵר֙	אַבְנֵר	PROPN	_	6 מֵ֤ת	nsubj	Abner
8	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	9 חֶבְר֔וֹן	case	in
9	חֶבְר֔וֹן	חֶבְרוֹן	PROPN	_	6 מֵ֤ת	obl	Hebron
10	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	11 יִּרְפּ֖וּ	cc	and
11	יִּרְפּ֖וּ	רָפָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	2 יִּשְׁמַ֣ע	conj	they dropped
12	יָדָ֑י	יָד	NOUN	Number=Dual	11 יִּרְפּ֖וּ	nsubj	hands
13	ו	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 יָדָ֑י	nmod:poss	his
14	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	17 נִבְהָֽלוּ	cc	and
15	כָל־	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	17 נִבְהָֽלוּ	nsubj	all
16	יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל	יִשְׂרָאֵל	PROPN	_	15 כָל־	compound:smixut	Israel
17	נִבְהָֽלוּ	בָּהַל	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Plur Person=3	2 יִּשְׁמַ֣ע	conj	they were terrified
18	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	17 נִבְהָֽלוּ	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
יִּשְׁמַע he heard	wayyiqtol · qal	בֶּן־ the son	מֵת he had died
מֵת he had died	qatal · qal	אַבְנֵר Abner
יִּרְפּוּ they dropped	wayyiqtol · qal	יָדָי hands
נִבְהָֽלוּ they were terrified	qatal · niphal	יִשְׂרָאֵל Israel

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וּשְׁמַע בַּר שָׁאוּל אֲרֵי מִית אַבְנֵר בְּחֶבְרוֹן וְאִתְרַשְׁלוּ יְדוֹהִי וְכָל יִשְׂרָאֵל אִתְבְּהִילוּ:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And when Saul's son heard that Abner was dead in Hebron, his hands became feeble, and all the Israelites were affrighted.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:2SA:98.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.4.1/