Amos 2:4 עָמוֹס

Who acts: LORD, I, transgressions, lies, fathers, Judah · What happens: say, not reverse, reject, not keep, cause, err · To what, where: judge, law, statutes, transgressions · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is Amos 2:4 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — LORD, I, transgressions, lies, fathers, Judah — and what happens in the verse to judge, law, statutes, transgressions, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 9 chapters of Amos on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה עַל־שְׁלֹשָׁה֙ פִּשְׁעֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה וְעַל־אַרְבָּעָ֖ה לֹ֣א אֲשִׁיבֶ֑נּוּ עַֽל־מָאֳסָ֞ם אֶת־תּוֹרַ֣ת יְהוָ֗ה וְחֻקָּיו֙ לֹ֣א שָׁמָ֔רוּ וַיַּתְעוּם֙ כִּזְבֵיהֶ֔ם אֲשֶׁר־הָלְכ֥וּ אֲבוֹתָ֖ם אַחֲרֵיהֶֽם׃

Thus saith the LORD: For three transgressions of Judah, yea, for four, I will not reverse it: because they have rejected the law of the LORD, and have not kept His statutes, and their lies have caused them to err, after which their fathers did walk.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	כֹּ֚ה	כֹּה	ADV	_	2 אָמַ֣ר	advmod	thus
2	אָמַ֣ר	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he says
3	יְהוָ֔ה	יהוה	PROPN	_	2 אָמַ֣ר	nsubj	Yahweh
4	עַל־	עַל	ADP	_	6 פִּשְׁעֵ֣י	case	on
5	שְׁלֹשָׁה֙	שָׁלֹשׁ	NUM	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	6 פִּשְׁעֵ֣י	nummod	three
6	פִּשְׁעֵ֣י	פֶּשַׁע	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	12 אֲשִׁיב	obl	(the) transgressions
7	יְהוּדָ֔ה	יְהוּדָה	PROPN	_	6 פִּשְׁעֵ֣י	compound:smixut	of Judah
8	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	10 אַרְבָּעָ֖ה	cc	and
9	עַל־	עַל	ADP	_	10 אַרְבָּעָ֖ה	case	on
10	אַרְבָּעָ֖ה	אַרְבַּע	NUM	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	6 פִּשְׁעֵ֣י	conj	four
11	לֹ֣א	לֹא	ADV	_	12 אֲשִׁיב	advmod	not
12	אֲשִׁיב	שׁוּב	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=1	2 אָמַ֣ר	ccomp	I
13	ֶ֑נּוּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 אֲשִׁיב	obj	will revoke it
14	עַֽל־	עַל	ADP	_	15 מָאֳס	case	because
15	מָאֳס	מָאַס	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	12 אֲשִׁיב	advcl	they
16	ָ֞ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	15 מָאֳס	nsubj	have rejected
17	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	18 תּוֹרַ֣ת	case	(et)
18	תּוֹרַ֣ת	תּוֹרָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	15 מָאֳס	obj	the law
19	יְהוָ֗ה	יהוה	PROPN	_	18 תּוֹרַ֣ת	compound:smixut	of Yahweh
20	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	24 שָׁמָ֔רוּ	cc	and
21	חֻקָּי	חֹק	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	24 שָׁמָ֔רוּ	obj	statutes
22	ו֙	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	21 חֻקָּי	nmod:poss	his
23	לֹ֣א	לֹא	ADV	_	24 שָׁמָ֔רוּ	advmod	not
24	שָׁמָ֔רוּ	שָׁמַר	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	15 מָאֳס	conj	they have kept
25	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	26 יַּתְעוּ	cc	and
26	יַּתְעוּ	תָּעָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Plur Person=3	15 מָאֳס	conj	they
27	ם֙	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	26 יַּתְעוּ	obj	have misled them
28	כִּזְבֵי	כָּזָב	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	26 יַּתְעוּ	nsubj	lies
29	הֶ֔ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	28 כִּזְבֵי	nmod:poss	their
30	אֲשֶׁר־	אֲשֶׁר	SCONJ	_	31 הָלְכ֥וּ	mark	which
31	הָלְכ֥וּ	הָלַךְ	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	28 כִּזְבֵי	acl:relcl	they walked
32	אֲבוֹת	אָב	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	31 הָלְכ֥וּ	nsubj	ancestors
33	ָ֖ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	32 אֲבוֹת	nmod:poss	their
34	אַחֲרֵי	אַחַר	ADP	_	35 הֶֽם	case	after
35	הֶֽם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	31 הָלְכ֥וּ	obl	them
36	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	35 הֶֽם	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: promise
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: yes
the frame alone: decl · assert · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)	who makes it happen (AA)
אָמַר he says	qatal · qal	יְהוָה Yahweh
not אֲשִׁיב I	yiqtol · hiphil	ֶנּוּ will revoke it		יְהוָה Yahweh
מָאֳס they	infinitive construct · qal	ָם have rejected	תּוֹרַת the law
not שָׁמָרוּ they have kept	qatal · qal	יְהוּדָה of Judah	חֻקָּי statutes
יַּתְעוּ they	wayyiqtol · hiphil	ם have misled them		כִּזְבֵי lies
הָלְכוּ they walked	qatal · qal	אֲבוֹת ancestors

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

כִּדְנַן אֲמַר יְיָ עַל תְּלָתָא חוֹבֵי יְהוּדָה וְעַל אַרְבְּעָה לָא אֶשְׁבּוֹק לְהוֹן עַל דְקָצוּ בְאוֹרַיְתָא דַייָ וּקְיָמוֹהִי לָא נְטָרוּ וְאַטְעִיאוּנוּן כַּדְבֵּיהוֹן דְהַלִיכוּ אֲבָהָתְכוֹן בַּתְרֵיהוֹן:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Thus saith the LORD: For three transgressions of Judah, yea, for four, I will not reverse it: because they have rejected the law of the LORD, and have not kept His statutes, and their lies have caused them to err, after which their fathers did walk.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:AMO:18.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/AMO.2.4/