Ezekiel 22:29 יְחֶזְקֵאל

Who acts: people · What happens: use, exercise, wrong, oppress · To what, where: oppression, robbery, poor, stranger

This is Ezekiel 22:29 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — people — and what happens in the verse to oppression, robbery, poor, stranger, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 48 chapters of Ezekiel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

עַ֤ם הָאָ֙רֶץ֙ עָ֣שְׁקוּ עֹ֔שֶׁק וְגָזְל֖וּ גָּזֵ֑ל וְעָנִ֤י וְאֶבְיוֹן֙ הוֹנ֔וּ וְאֶת־הַגֵּ֥ר עָשְׁק֖וּ בְּלֹ֥א מִשְׁפָּֽט׃

The people of the land have used oppression, and exercised robbery, and have wronged the poor and needy, and have oppressed the stranger unlawfully.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	עַ֤ם	עַם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	4 עָ֣שְׁקוּ	nsubj	the people
2	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	3 אָ֙רֶץ֙	det	of
3	אָ֙רֶץ֙	אֶרֶץ	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 עַ֤ם	compound:smixut	the land
4	עָ֣שְׁקוּ	עָשַׁק	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	root	root	they have extorted
5	עֹ֔שֶׁק	עֹשֶׁק	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	4 עָ֣שְׁקוּ	obj	extortion
6	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	7 גָזְל֖וּ	cc	and
7	גָזְל֖וּ	גָּזַל	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	4 עָ֣שְׁקוּ	conj	they have robbed
8	גָּזֵ֑ל	גָּזֵל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	7 גָזְל֖וּ	obj	robbery
9	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	13 הוֹנ֔וּ	cc	and [the]
10	עָנִ֤י	עָנִי	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	13 הוֹנ֔וּ	obj	poor
11	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	12 אֶבְיוֹן֙	cc	and [the]
12	אֶבְיוֹן֙	אֶבְיוֹן	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	10 עָנִ֤י	conj	needy
13	הוֹנ֔וּ	יָנָה	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Plur Person=3	4 עָ֣שְׁקוּ	conj	they have maltreated
14	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	18 עָשְׁק֖וּ	cc	and
15	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	17 גֵּ֥ר	case	(et)
16	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	17 גֵּ֥ר	det	the
17	גֵּ֥ר	גֵּר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	18 עָשְׁק֖וּ	obj	sojourner
18	עָשְׁק֖וּ	עָשַׁק	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	4 עָ֣שְׁקוּ	conj	they have oppressed
19	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	21 מִשְׁפָּֽט	case	with
20	לֹ֥א	לֹא	ADV	_	21 מִשְׁפָּֽט	advmod	not
21	מִשְׁפָּֽט	מִשְׁפָּט	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	18 עָשְׁק֖וּ	obl	justice
22	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	21 מִשְׁפָּֽט	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: yes

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)	who makes it happen (AA)
עָשְׁקוּ they have extorted	qatal · qal	עַם the people + עֹשֶׁק extortion
גָזְלוּ they have robbed	qatal · qal	עַם the people	גָּזֵל robbery
הוֹנוּ they have maltreated	qatal · hiphil	עָנִי poor + אֶבְיוֹן needy		עַם the people
עָשְׁקוּ they have oppressed	qatal · qal	עַם the people	גֵּר sojourner

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

עַמָא דְאַרְעָא עֲשָׁקוּ עוּשְׁקָא וּגְזָלוּ גְזֵלָה וּמִסְכֵּן וַחֲשִׁיךְ אוֹנִיאוּ וּלְגִיוֹרָא אֵנָסוּ בְּלָא כִדְחֲזֵי:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

The people of the land have used oppression, and exercised robbery, and have wronged the poor and needy, and have oppressed the stranger unlawfully.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:EZK:540.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.22.29/