Habakkuk 1:9 חֲבַקּוּק

Who acts: places · What happens: come, set, gather · To what, where: faces, captives

This is Habakkuk 1:9 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — places — and what happens in the verse to faces, captives, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 3 chapters of Habakkuk on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

כֻּלֹּה֙ לְחָמָ֣ס יָב֔וֹא מְגַמַּ֥ת פְּנֵיהֶ֖ם קָדִ֑ימָה וַיֶּאֱסֹ֥ף כַּח֖וֹל שֶֽׁבִי׃

They come all of them for violence; their faces are set eagerly as the east wind; and they gather captives as the sand.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	כֻּלּ	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	5 יָב֔וֹא	nsubj	of it
2	ֹה֙	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	1 כֻּלּ	nmod:poss	all
3	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	4 חָמָ֣ס	case	for
4	חָמָ֣ס	חָמָס	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	5 יָב֔וֹא	obl	violence
5	יָב֔וֹא	בּוֹא	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	it comes
6	מְגַמַּ֥ת	מְגַמַּת	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	5 יָב֔וֹא	parataxis	the totality
7	פְּנֵי	פָּנֶה	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 מְגַמַּ֥ת	compound:smixut	their faces
8	הֶ֖ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 פְּנֵי	nmod:poss	their
9	קָדִ֑ימ	קָדִים	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	6 מְגַמַּ֥ת	obl	eastward
10	ָה	ה	X	_	9 קָדִ֑ימ	nmod	[is]
11	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	12 יֶּאֱסֹ֥ף	cc	and
12	יֶּאֱסֹ֥ף	אָסַף	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	5 יָב֔וֹא	conj	it gathered
13	כַּ	כְּ	ADP	_	15 ח֖וֹל	case	like
14	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	15 ח֖וֹל	det	(the)
15	ח֖וֹל	חוֹל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	12 יֶּאֱסֹ֥ף	obl	sand
16	שֶֽׁבִי	שְׁבִי	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 יֶּאֱסֹ֥ף	obj	captive[s]
17	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	16 שֶֽׁבִי	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)	to whom, further (A2)	who makes it happen (AA)
יָבוֹא it comes	yiqtol · qal	ֹה all
יֶּאֱסֹף it gathered	wayyiqtol · qal		שֶֽׁבִי captive[s]

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

כּוּלְהוֹן לַחֲטוֹף אָתָן מִקֳבֵיל אַפֵּיהוֹן דָמָן כְּרוּחַ קָדִים קִידוּמָא וּכְנַשׁ כְּחָלָא שִׁבְיָא:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

They come all of them for violence; their faces are set eagerly as the east wind; and they gather captives as the sand.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:HAB:8.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HAB.1.9/