Habakkuk 1:10 חֲבַקּוּק

Who acts: places, princes · What happens: scoff, be, deride, heap up, take · To what, where: derision, stronghold, earth

This is Habakkuk 1:10 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — places, princes — and what happens in the verse to derision, stronghold, earth, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 3 chapters of Habakkuk on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וְהוּא֙ בַּמְּלָכִ֣ים יִתְקַלָּ֔ס וְרֹזְנִ֖ים מִשְׂחָ֣ק ל֑וֹ ה֚וּא לְכָל־מִבְצָ֣ר יִשְׂחָ֔ק וַיִּצְבֹּ֥ר עָפָ֖ר וַֽיִּלְכְּדָֽהּ׃

And they scoff at kings, and princes are a derision unto them; they deride every stronghold, for they heap up earth, and take it.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	6 יִתְקַלָּ֔ס	cc	and
2	הוּא֙	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 יִתְקַלָּ֔ס	nsubj	it
3	בַּ	בְּ	ADP	_	5 מְּלָכִ֣ים	case	(in
4	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	5 מְּלָכִ֣ים	det	the
5	מְּלָכִ֣ים	מֶלֶךְ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	6 יִתְקַלָּ֔ס	obl	kings
6	יִתְקַלָּ֔ס	קָלַס	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HITHPAEL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	it derides
7	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	9 מִשְׂחָ֣ק	cc	and
8	רֹזְנִ֖ים	רָזַן	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur	9 מִשְׂחָ֣ק	nsubj	rulers
9	מִשְׂחָ֣ק	מִשְׂחַק	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	6 יִתְקַלָּ֔ס	conj	[are] laughter
10	ל	לְ	ADP	_	11 ֑וֹ	case	to
11	֑וֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 מִשְׂחָ֣ק	obl	it
12	ה֚וּא	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	16 יִשְׂחָ֔ק	nsubj	it
13	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	14 כָל־	case	to
14	כָל־	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	16 יִשְׂחָ֔ק	obl	every
15	מִבְצָ֣ר	מִבְצָר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	14 כָל־	compound:smixut	fortress
16	יִשְׂחָ֔ק	שָׂחַק	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	6 יִתְקַלָּ֔ס	parataxis	it laughs
17	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	18 יִּצְבֹּ֥ר	cc	and
18	יִּצְבֹּ֥ר	צָבַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	6 יִתְקַלָּ֔ס	conj	it heaped up
19	עָפָ֖ר	עָפָר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	18 יִּצְבֹּ֥ר	obj	earth
20	וַֽ	וְ	CCONJ	_	21 יִּלְכְּד	cc	and
21	יִּלְכְּד	לָכַד	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	6 יִתְקַלָּ֔ס	conj	it
22	ָֽהּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	21 יִּלְכְּד	obj	captured it
23	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	22 ָֽהּ	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
יִתְקַלָּס it derides	yiqtol · hithpael	הוּא it
יִשְׂחָק it laughs	yiqtol · qal	הוּא it
יִּצְבֹּר it heaped up	wayyiqtol · qal		עָפָר earth
יִּלְכְּד it	wayyiqtol · qal		ָֽהּ captured it

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וְהוּא עַל מַלְכַיָא מִתְלַעַב וְעַל שִׁלְטוֹנַיָא מְחַיָךְ הוּא לְכָל כְּרַךְ תַּקִיף מֵעִיק וּצְבַר מִלְיָתָא וְכַּבְשָׁהּ:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And they scoff at kings, and princes are a derision unto them; they deride every stronghold, for they heap up earth, and take it.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:HAB:9.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HAB.1.10/