Hosea 10:14 הוֹשֵׁעַ

Who acts: tumult, Shalman · What happens: arise, spoil, dash · To what, where: hosts, fortresses, Beth arbel, mother, pieces

This is Hosea 10:14 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — tumult, Shalman — and what happens in the verse to hosts, fortresses, Beth arbel, mother, pieces, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 14 chapters of Hosea on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וְקָ֣אם שָׁאוֹן֮ בְּעַמֶּךָ֒ וְכָל־מִבְצָרֶ֣יךָ יוּשַּׁ֔ד כְּשֹׁ֧ד שַֽׁלְמַ֛ן בֵּ֥ית אַֽרְבֵ֖אל בֵּ֥ית אַֽרְבֵ֖אל בְּי֣וֹם מִלְחָמָ֑ה אֵ֥ם עַל־בָּנִ֖ים רֻטָּֽשָׁה׃

Therefore shall a tumult arise among thy hosts, and all thy fortresses shall be spoiled, as Shalman spoiled Beth-arbel in the day of battle; the mother was dashed in pieces with her children.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 קָ֣אם	cc	and
2	קָ֣אם	קוּם	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	it will arise
3	שָׁאוֹן֮	שָׁאוֹן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 קָ֣אם	nsubj	an uproar
4	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	5 עַמּ	case	among
5	עַמּ	עַם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 קָ֣אם	obl	people
6	ֶךָ֒	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs	5 עַמּ	nmod:poss	your
7	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	11 יוּשַּׁ֔ד	cc	and
8	כָל־	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	11 יוּשַּׁ֔ד	nsubj	all
9	מִבְצָרֶ֣י	מִבְצָר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	8 כָל־	compound:smixut	fortresses
10	ךָ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs	9 מִבְצָרֶ֣י	nmod:poss	your
11	יוּשַּׁ֔ד	שָׁדַד	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QALPASSIVE Number=Sing Person=3	2 קָ֣אם	conj	it will be devastated
12	כְּ	כְּ	ADP	_	13 שֹׁ֧ד	case	like
13	שֹׁ֧ד	שֹׁד	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	11 יוּשַּׁ֔ד	obl	the devastation
14	שַֽׁלְמַ֛ן	שַׁלְמַן	PROPN	_	13 שֹׁ֧ד	compound:smixut	of Shalman
15	בֵּ֥ית	בֵּית	PROPN	_	13 שֹׁ֧ד	nmod	Beth
16	אַֽרְבֵ֖אל	אַרְבֵאל	PROPN	_	15 בֵּ֥ית	flat:name
17	בֵּ֥ית	בֵּית	PROPN	_	13 שֹׁ֧ד	nmod	Arbel
18	אַֽרְבֵ֖אל	אַרְבֵאל	PROPN	_	17 בֵּ֥ית	flat:name
19	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	20 י֣וֹם	case	on [the]
20	י֣וֹם	יוֹם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	11 יוּשַּׁ֔ד	obl	day
21	מִלְחָמָ֑ה	מִלְחָמָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	20 י֣וֹם	compound:smixut	of battle
22	אֵ֥ם	אֵם	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	25 רֻטָּֽשָׁה	nsubj	mother
23	עַל־	עַל	ADP	_	24 בָּנִ֖ים	case	with
24	בָּנִ֖ים	בֵּן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	25 רֻטָּֽשָׁה	obl	children
25	רֻטָּֽשָׁה	רָטַשׁ	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=PUAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 קָ֣אם	parataxis	she was dashed in pieces
26	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	25 רֻטָּֽשָׁה	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: inside a quote begun earlier
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
קָאם it will arise	weqatal · qal	שָׁאוֹן an uproar
יוּשַּׁד it will be devastated	yiqtol · qalpassive		מִבְצָרֶי fortresses
רֻטָּֽשָׁה she was dashed in pieces	qatal · pual		מִלְחָמָה of battle

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וִיקוּם אִתְרְגוּשָׁא בְּעַמָךְ וְכָל כְּרַכָּךְ יִתְבַּזְזוּן כְּבִזַת שְׁלָמָא כִּכְמָנָא בְּיוֹמָא דִקְרָבָא אֵם עַל בְּנִין קְטִילַת:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Therefore shall a tumult arise among thy hosts, and all thy fortresses shall be spoiled, as Shalman spoiled Beth-arbel in the day of battle; the mother was dashed in pieces with her children.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:HOS:144.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HOS.10.14/