Hosea 10:4 הוֹשֵׁעַ
Who acts: pillars, judgment · What happens: speak, swear, make, spring up · To what, where: words, covenants, furrows · Speech: someone speaks in this verse
This is Hosea 10:4 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — pillars, judgment — and what happens in the verse to words, covenants, furrows, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 14 chapters of Hosea on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.
דִּבְּר֣וּ דְבָרִ֔ים אָל֥וֹת שָׁ֖וְא כָּרֹ֣ת בְּרִ֑ית וּפָרַ֤ח כָּרֹאשׁ֙ מִשְׁפָּ֔ט עַ֖ל תַּלְמֵ֥י שָׂדָֽי׃
The tree
Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation | gloss |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | דִּבְּר֣וּ | דָבַר | VERB | Gender=Com HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Plur Person=3 | root | root | they have spoken |
| 2 | דְבָרִ֔ים | דָּבָר | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Plur | 1 דִּבְּר֣וּ | obj | words |
| 3 | אָל֥וֹת | אָלָה | VERB | HebBinyan=QAL | 1 דִּבְּר֣וּ | ccomp | they have sworn an oath |
| 4 | שָׁ֖וְא | שָׁוְא | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 3 אָל֥וֹת | obj | falsehood |
| 5 | כָּרֹ֣ת | כָּרַת | VERB | HebBinyan=QAL | 3 אָל֥וֹת | parataxis | they have made |
| 6 | בְּרִ֑ית | בְּרִית | NOUN | Gender=Fem Number=Sing | 5 כָּרֹ֣ת | obj | a covenant |
| 7 | וּ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 8 פָרַ֤ח | cc | and |
| 8 | פָרַ֤ח | פָּרַח | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3 | 3 אָל֥וֹת | conj | it sprouts up |
| 9 | כָּ | כְּ | ADP | _ | 11 רֹאשׁ֙ | case | like (the) |
| 10 | ה | הַ | DET | PronType=Art | 11 רֹאשׁ֙ | det | poisonous |
| 11 | רֹאשׁ֙ | רֹאשׁ | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 8 פָרַ֤ח | obl | plant |
| 12 | מִשְׁפָּ֔ט | מִשְׁפָּט | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 8 פָרַ֤ח | nsubj | justice |
| 13 | עַ֖ל | עַל | ADP | _ | 14 תַּלְמֵ֥י | case | on |
| 14 | תַּלְמֵ֥י | תֶּלֶם | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Plur | 8 פָרַ֤ח | obl | [the] furrows |
| 15 | שָׂדָֽי | שָׂדַי | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 14 תַּלְמֵ֥י | compound:smixut | of a field |
| 16 | ׃ | ׃ | PUNCT | _ | 15 שָׂדָֽי | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- command
- act
- request
- voice
- character
- speech
- a frame and its quote
- negation
- no
- the frame alone
- decl · assert · none
| verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| דִּבְּרוּ they have spoken | qatal · piel | דְבָרִים words | |||
| אָלוֹת they have sworn an oath | infinitive absolute · qal | שָׁוְא falsehood | |||
| כָּרֹת they have made | infinitive absolute · qal | בְּרִית a covenant | |||
| פָרַח it sprouts up | weqatal · qal | מִשְׁפָּט justice |
MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.
Targum Jonathan
מְמַלְלִין מִלִין דְאוֹנֶס יֵימָן לִשְׁקַר לִלְמָא גָזְרִין קְיַם כְּעַן אַיְתֵי עֲלֵיהוֹן כְּרֵישֵׁי חִוְיָן בִּישִׁין דִין שִׁקְרֵיהוֹן עַל תְּחוּמֵי חַקְלָן:
The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.
English, JPS 1917
Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.
Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.
English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).
Hebrew sentence wlc:HOS:134.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HOS.10.4/