Hosea 10:8 הוֹשֵׁעַ

Who acts: thorn · What happens: destroy, come up, say, cover, fall · To what, where: high places, altars, us · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is Hosea 10:8 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — thorn — and what happens in the verse to high places, altars, us, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 14 chapters of Hosea on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וְנִשְׁמְד֞וּ בָּמ֣וֹת אָ֗וֶן חַטַּאת֙ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל ק֣וֹץ וְדַרְדַּ֔ר יַעֲלֶ֖ה עַל־מִזְבְּחוֹתָ֑ם וְאָמְר֤וּ לֶֽהָרִים֙ כַּסּ֔וּנוּ וְלַגְּבָע֖וֹת נִפְל֥וּ עָלֵֽינוּ׃ס

The high places also of Aven shall be destroyed, even the sin of Israel. The thorn and the thistle shall come up on their altars; and they shall say to the mountains: 'Cover us', and to the hills: 'Fall on us.'

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 נִשְׁמְד֞וּ	cc	and
2	נִשְׁמְד֞וּ	שָׁמַד	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Plur Person=3	root	root	they will be destroyed
3	בָּמ֣וֹת	בָּמָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Plur	2 נִשְׁמְד֞וּ	nsubj	[the] high places
4	אָ֗וֶן	אָוֶן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	3 בָּמ֣וֹת	compound:smixut	of wickedness
5	חַטַּאת֙	חַטָּאת	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	3 בָּמ֣וֹת	appos	the sin
6	יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל	יִשְׂרָאֵל	PROPN	_	5 חַטַּאת֙	compound:smixut	of Israel
7	ק֣וֹץ	קוֹץ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	10 יַעֲלֶ֖ה	nsubj	thorn[s]
8	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	9 דַרְדַּ֔ר	cc	and
9	דַרְדַּ֔ר	דַּרְדַּר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	7 ק֣וֹץ	conj	thistle[s]
10	יַעֲלֶ֖ה	עָלָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 נִשְׁמְד֞וּ	parataxis	it will grow up
11	עַל־	עַל	ADP	_	12 מִזְבְּחוֹת	case	over
12	מִזְבְּחוֹת	מִזְבֵּחַ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	10 יַעֲלֶ֖ה	obl	altars
13	ָ֑ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 מִזְבְּחוֹת	nmod:poss	their
14	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	15 אָמְר֤וּ	cc	and
15	אָמְר֤וּ	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	2 נִשְׁמְד֞וּ	conj	they will say
16	לֶֽ	לְ	ADP	_	18 הָרִים֙	case	to
17	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	18 הָרִים֙	det	the
18	הָרִים֙	הַר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	15 אָמְר֤וּ	obl	mountains
19	כַּסּ֔וּ	כָּסָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Plur Person=2	15 אָמְר֤וּ	ccomp	cover
20	נוּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	19 כַּסּ֔וּ	obj	us
21	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	25 נִפְל֥וּ	cc	and
22	לַ	לְ	ADP	_	24 גְּבָע֖וֹת	case	to
23	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	24 גְּבָע֖וֹת	det	the
24	גְּבָע֖וֹת	גִּבְעָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Plur	25 נִפְל֥וּ	obl	hills
25	נִפְל֥וּ	נָפַל	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=2	15 אָמְר֤וּ	conj	fall
26	עָלֵֽי	עַל	ADP	_	27 נוּ	case	on
27	נוּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	25 נִפְל֥וּ	obl	us
28	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	27 נוּ	punct
29	ס	ס	PUNCT	_	27 נוּ	punct

Pragmatics

form: command
act: request
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: no
the frame alone: decl · assert · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
נִשְׁמְדוּ they will be destroyed	weqatal · niphal		בָּמוֹת [the] high places
יַעֲלֶה it will grow up	yiqtol · qal	קוֹץ thorn[s] + דַרְדַּר thistle[s]
אָמְרוּ they will say	weqatal · qal	יִשְׂרָאֵל of Israel	כַּסּוּ cover
כַּסּוּ cover	imperative · piel		נוּ us
נִפְלוּ fall	imperative · qal

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וְיִצְדְיָן בָּמַת בֵּית אֵל חוֹבֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל גְרָמוּ לְהוֹן דְיִגְלוּן כּוּבִין וְאַטְדִין יִסְקוּן עַל אֱגוֹרֵיהוֹן כְּעַן אַיְתֵי עֲלֵיהוֹן עָקָא דְמוֹתָא דִיהוֹן דָמָן כְּאִילוּ טוּרַיָא חָפָן לְהוֹן וְרָמָתָא נְפָלוּ עֲלֵיהוֹן:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:HOS:138.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HOS.10.8/