Hosea 12:12 הוֹשֵׁעַ
Who acts: similitudes, altars · What happens: give, become, sacrifice, be · To what, where: Gilead, iniquity, vanity, Gilgal, furrows
This is Hosea 12:12 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — similitudes, altars — and what happens in the verse to Gilead, iniquity, vanity, Gilgal, furrows, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 14 chapters of Hosea on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.
אִם־גִּלְעָ֥ד אָ֙וֶן֙ אַךְ־שָׁ֣וְא הָי֔וּ בַּגִּלְגָּ֖ל שְׁוָרִ֣ים זִבֵּ֑חוּ גַּ֤ם מִזְבְּחוֹתָם֙ כְּגַלִּ֔ים עַ֖ל תַּלְמֵ֥י שָׂדָֽי׃
The tree
Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation | gloss |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | אִם־ | אִם | SCONJ | _ | 3 אָ֙וֶן֙ | mark | (if)? |
| 2 | גִּלְעָ֥ד | גִּלְעָד | PROPN | _ | 3 אָ֙וֶן֙ | nsubj | [is] Gilead |
| 3 | אָ֙וֶן֙ | אָוֶן | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 5 שָׁ֣וְא | advcl | wickedness |
| 4 | אַךְ־ | אַךְ | ADV | _ | 5 שָׁ֣וְא | advmod | surely |
| 5 | שָׁ֣וְא | שָׁוְא | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | root | root | worthlessness |
| 6 | הָי֔וּ | הָיָה | AUX | Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3 | 5 שָׁ֣וְא | cop | they are |
| 7 | בַּ | בְּ | ADP | _ | 9 גִּלְגָּ֖ל | case | in |
| 8 | ה | הַ | DET | PronType=Art | 9 גִּלְגָּ֖ל | det | (the) |
| 9 | גִּלְגָּ֖ל | גִּלְגָּל | PROPN | _ | 11 זִבֵּ֑חוּ | obl | Gilgal |
| 10 | שְׁוָרִ֣ים | שׁוֹר | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Plur | 11 זִבֵּ֑חוּ | obj | bulls |
| 11 | זִבֵּ֑חוּ | זָבַח | VERB | Gender=Com HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Plur Person=3 | 5 שָׁ֣וְא | parataxis | they have sacrificed |
| 12 | גַּ֤ם | גַּם | ADV | _ | 13 מִזְבְּחוֹת | advmod | also |
| 13 | מִזְבְּחוֹת | מִזְבֵּחַ | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Plur | 16 גַלִּ֔ים | nsubj | altars |
| 14 | ָם֙ | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 מִזְבְּחוֹת | nmod:poss | their |
| 15 | כְּ | כְּ | ADP | _ | 16 גַלִּ֔ים | case | [are] like |
| 16 | גַלִּ֔ים | גַּל | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Plur | 5 שָׁ֣וְא | parataxis | heaps of stones |
| 17 | עַ֖ל | עַל | ADP | _ | 18 תַּלְמֵ֥י | case | on |
| 18 | תַּלְמֵ֥י | תֶּלֶם | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Plur | 16 גַלִּ֔ים | obl | [the] furrows |
| 19 | שָׂדָֽי | שָׂדַי | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 18 תַּלְמֵ֥י | compound:smixut | of a field |
| 20 | ׃ | ׃ | PUNCT | _ | 19 שָׂדָֽי | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- character
- speech
- inside a quote begun earlier
- negation
- no
| verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| הָיוּ they are | qatal · qal | גִּלְעָד [is] Gilead | |||
| זִבֵּחוּ they have sacrificed | qatal · piel | גִּלְעָד [is] Gilead | שְׁוָרִים bulls |
MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.
Targum Jonathan
אִם בְּגִלְעָד הֲווֹ אֲנוּסִין בְּרַם בְּבֵית גִלְגְלָא תּוֹרִין לְטַעֲוָן דַבַּחוּ אַף אֲגוֹרֵיהוֹן אַסְגִיאוּ כְּגַרִין עַל תְּחוּמֵי חַקְלָא:
The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.
English, JPS 1917
Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.
Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.
English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).
Hebrew sentence wlc:HOS:168.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HOS.12.12/