Hosea 12:15 הוֹשֵׁעַ

Who acts: Ephraim, reproach · What happens: provoke, cast, return · To what, where: blood

This is Hosea 12:15 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Ephraim, reproach — and what happens in the verse to blood, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 14 chapters of Hosea on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

הִכְעִ֥יס אֶפְרַ֖יִם תַּמְרוּרִ֑ים וְדָמָיו֙ עָלָ֣יו יִטּ֔וֹשׁ וְחֶ֨רְפָּת֔וֹ יָשִׁ֥יב ל֖וֹ אֲדֹנָֽיו׃

Ephraim hath provoked most bitterly; therefore shall his blood be cast upon him, and his reproach shall his Lord return unto him.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	הִכְעִ֥יס	כָּעַס	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he has provoked to anger
2	אֶפְרַ֖יִם	אֶפְרַיִם	PROPN	_	1 הִכְעִ֥יס	nsubj	Ephraim
3	תַּמְרוּרִ֑ים	תַּמְרוּרִים	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	1 הִכְעִ֥יס	obj	bitterness(es)
4	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	9 יִטּ֔וֹשׁ	cc	and
5	דָמָי	דָּם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	9 יִטּ֔וֹשׁ	obj	blood(s)
6	ו֙	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 דָמָי	nmod:poss	his
7	עָלָ֣י	עַל	ADP	_	8 ו	case	on
8	ו	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 יִטּ֔וֹשׁ	obl	him
9	יִטּ֔וֹשׁ	נָטַשׁ	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	1 הִכְעִ֥יס	conj	he will leave
10	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	13 יָשִׁ֥יב	cc	and
11	חֶ֨רְפָּת	חֶרְפָּה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	13 יָשִׁ֥יב	obj	reproach
12	֔וֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 חֶ֨רְפָּת	nmod:poss	his
13	יָשִׁ֥יב	שׁוּב	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=3	1 הִכְעִ֥יס	conj	he will repay
14	ל	לְ	ADP	_	15 ֖וֹ	case	to
15	֖וֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 יָשִׁ֥יב	obl	him
16	אֲדֹנָֽי	אָדֹון	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	13 יָשִׁ֥יב	nsubj	lord(s)
17	ו	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	16 אֲדֹנָֽי	nmod:poss	his
18	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	17 ו	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)	who makes it happen (AA)
הִכְעִיס he has provoked to anger	qatal · hiphil	תַּמְרוּרִים bitterness(es)		אֶפְרַיִם Ephraim
יִטּוֹשׁ he will leave	yiqtol · qal		דָמָי blood(s)
יָשִׁיב he will repay	yiqtol · hiphil	חֶרְפָּת reproach		אֲדֹנָֽי lord(s)

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

מַרְגְזִין דְבֵית אֶפְרַיִם מוֹסָפִין לְמֶחְטִי וְחוֹבַת דַם זַכַּאי דַאֲשֵׁיד עֲלוֹהִי יְתוּב וְחִסוּדֵיהּ יְתוּב לֵיהּ רִבּוֹנֵיהּ:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Ephraim hath provoked most bitterly; therefore shall his blood be cast upon him, and his reproach shall his Lord return unto him.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:HOS:171.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HOS.12.15/