Hosea 13:3 הוֹשֵׁעַ

Who acts: images, dew · What happens: be, pass away, drive · To what, where: chaff, threshing floor

This is Hosea 13:3 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — images, dew — and what happens in the verse to chaff, threshing floor, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 14 chapters of Hosea on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

לָכֵ֗ן יִֽהְיוּ֙ כַּעֲנַן־בֹּ֔קֶר וְכַטַּ֖ל מַשְׁכִּ֣ים הֹלֵ֑ךְ כְּמֹץ֙ יְסֹעֵ֣ר מִגֹּ֔רֶן וּכְעָשָׁ֖ן מֵאֲרֻבָּֽה׃

Therefore they shall be as the morning cloud, and as the dew that early passeth away, as the chaff that is driven with the wind out of the threshing-floor, and as the smoke out of the window.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	לָ	לָכֵן	ADP	_	2 כֵ֗ן	case	therefore
2	כֵ֗ן	כֵּן	ADV	_	root	root
3	יִֽהְיוּ֙	הָיָה	AUX	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	5 עֲנַן־	cop	they will become
4	כַּ	כְּ	ADP	_	5 עֲנַן־	case	like
5	עֲנַן־	עָנָן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 כֵ֗ן	parataxis	a cloud
6	בֹּ֔קֶר	בֹּקֶר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	5 עֲנַן־	compound:smixut	of [the] morning
7	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	10 טַּ֖ל	cc	and
8	כַ	כְּ	ADP	_	10 טַּ֖ל	case	like
9	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	10 טַּ֖ל	det	(the)
10	טַּ֖ל	טַל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	5 עֲנַן־	conj	dew
11	מַשְׁכִּ֣ים	שָׁכַם	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing	10 טַּ֖ל	nmod	[which] rises early
12	הֹלֵ֑ךְ	הָלַךְ	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing	10 טַּ֖ל	nmod	[which] goes
13	כְּ	כְּ	ADP	_	14 מֹץ֙	case	like
14	מֹץ֙	מֹץ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	5 עֲנַן־	conj	chaff
15	יְסֹעֵ֣ר	סָעַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=POEL Number=Sing Person=3	14 מֹץ֙	acl	[which] it is storm-driven
16	מִ	מִן	ADP	_	17 גֹּ֔רֶן	case	from
17	גֹּ֔רֶן	גֹּרֶן	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 יְסֹעֵ֣ר	obl	a threshing floor
18	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	20 עָשָׁ֖ן	cc	and
19	כְ	כְּ	ADP	_	20 עָשָׁ֖ן	case	like
20	עָשָׁ֖ן	עָשָׁן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	14 מֹץ֙	conj	smoke
21	מֵ	מִן	ADP	_	22 אֲרֻבָּֽה	case	from
22	אֲרֻבָּֽה	אֲרֻבָּה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	20 עָשָׁ֖ן	nmod	a window
23	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	22 אֲרֻבָּֽה	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: inside a quote begun earlier
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)
יִֽהְיוּ they will become	yiqtol · qal
מַשְׁכִּים [which] rises early	participle active · hiphil
הֹלֵךְ [which] goes	participle active · qal
יְסֹעֵר [which] it is storm-driven	yiqtol · poel	מֹץ chaff

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

בְּכֵן יְהוֹן כַּעֲנַן צַפְרָא וּכְטַלָא דְמוֹהִי פְסִיק כְּמוֹצָא דְנָשְׁבָה רוּחַ מֵאִדְרָא וְכִתְנָנָא מִכֵּוַת נוּרָא:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Therefore they shall be as the morning cloud, and as the dew that early passeth away, as the chaff that is driven with the wind out of the threshing-floor, and as the smoke out of the window.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:HOS:174.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HOS.13.3/