Hosea 8:14 הוֹשֵׁעַ

Who acts: Israel, Judah, I, fire · What happens: forget, build, multiply, fortify, send, devour · To what, where: Maker, palaces, fortified cities, fire, castles

This is Hosea 8:14 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Israel, Judah, I, fire — and what happens in the verse to Maker, palaces, fortified cities, fire, castles, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 14 chapters of Hosea on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיִּשְׁכַּ֨ח יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל אֶת־עֹשֵׂ֗הוּ וַיִּ֙בֶן֙ הֵֽיכָל֔וֹת וִֽיהוּדָ֕ה הִרְבָּ֖ה עָרִ֣ים בְּצֻר֑וֹת וְשִׁלַּחְתִּי־אֵ֣שׁ בְּעָרָ֔יו וְאָכְלָ֖ה אַרְמְנֹתֶֽיהָ׃ס

For Israel hath forgotten his Maker, and builded palaces, and Judah hath multiplied fortified cities; but I will send a fire upon his cities, and it shall devour the castles thereof.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יִּשְׁכַּ֨ח	cc	and
2	יִּשְׁכַּ֨ח	שָׁכַח	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he has forgotten
3	יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל	יִשְׂרָאֵל	PROPN	_	2 יִּשְׁכַּ֨ח	nsubj	Israel
4	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	5 עֹשׂ	case	(et)
5	עֹשׂ	עָשָׂה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing	2 יִּשְׁכַּ֨ח	obj	[the
6	ֵ֗הוּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 עֹשׂ	nmod:poss	one who] made him
7	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	8 יִּ֙בֶן֙	cc	and
8	יִּ֙בֶן֙	בָּנָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יִּשְׁכַּ֨ח	conj	he has built
9	הֵֽיכָל֔וֹת	הֵיכָל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	8 יִּ֙בֶן֙	obj	palaces
10	וִֽ	וְ	CCONJ	_	12 הִרְבָּ֖ה	cc	and
11	יהוּדָ֕ה	יְהוּדָה	PROPN	_	12 הִרְבָּ֖ה	nsubj	Judah
12	הִרְבָּ֖ה	רָבָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יִּשְׁכַּ֨ח	conj	he has multiplied
13	עָרִ֣ים	עִיר	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Plur	12 הִרְבָּ֖ה	obj	cities
14	בְּצֻר֑וֹת	בָּצוּר	ADJ	Gender=Fem Number=Plur	13 עָרִ֣ים	amod	fortified
15	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	16 שִׁלַּחְתִּי־	cc	and
16	שִׁלַּחְתִּי־	שָׁלַח	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Sing Person=1	2 יִּשְׁכַּ֨ח	conj	I will send
17	אֵ֣שׁ	אֵשׁ	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 שִׁלַּחְתִּי־	obj	fire
18	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	19 עָרָ֔י	case	on
19	עָרָ֔י	עִיר	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Plur	16 שִׁלַּחְתִּי־	obl	cities
20	ו	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	19 עָרָ֔י	nmod:poss	his
21	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	22 אָכְלָ֖ה	cc	and
22	אָכְלָ֖ה	אָכַל	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יִּשְׁכַּ֨ח	conj	it will consume
23	אַרְמְנֹתֶֽי	אַרְמוֹן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	22 אָכְלָ֖ה	obj	fortresses
24	הָ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	23 אַרְמְנֹתֶֽי	nmod:poss	his
25	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	24 הָ	punct
26	ס	ס	PUNCT	_	24 הָ	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: inside a quote begun earlier
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)	who makes it happen (AA)
יִּשְׁכַּח he has forgotten	wayyiqtol · qal	יִשְׂרָאֵל Israel	עֹשׂ [the
עֹשׂ [the	participle active · qal		ֵהוּ one who] made him
יִּבֶן he has built	wayyiqtol · qal	יִשְׂרָאֵל Israel	הֵֽיכָלוֹת palaces
הִרְבָּה he has multiplied	qatal · hiphil	עָרִים cities		יהוּדָה Judah
שִׁלַּחְתִּי־ I will send	weqatal · piel	עֹשׂ [the	אֵשׁ fire
אָכְלָה it will consume	weqatal · qal	אֵשׁ fire	אַרְמְנֹתֶֽי fortresses

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וּשְׁבַק יִשְׂרָאֵל יַת פּוּלְחַן עָבְדֵיהּ וּבְנָא הֵיכְלִין לְטַעֲוָתָא וּדְבֵית יְהוּדָה אַסְגִיאוּ קִרְוִין כְּרִיכָן וְאֶשְׁלַח אֶשְׁתָּא בְּקִרְווֹהִי וּתְשֵׁיצֵי בִּרְנָיָתָהָא:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

For Israel hath forgotten his Maker, and builded palaces, and Judah hath multiplied fortified cities; but I will send a fire upon his cities, and it shall devour the castles thereof.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:HOS:113.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HOS.8.14/